Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
BMJ Open. 2023 Feb 15;13(2):e064754. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064754.
OBJECTIVES: Understanding the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of COVID-19 within distinct populations may aid further public health messaging. This study's aims were to explore KAP towards COVID-19 in rural Bangladesh and identify any potential links to sociodemographics, existing clinical conditions and sources of information. DESIGN: Cross-sectional community-based study. SETTING: Participants were recruited from 18 villages using multistage cluster random sampling. METHODS: Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, from June to November 2021, using a structured questionnaire. Data included sociodemographics, clinical conditions, sources of information and KAP of COVID-19 questions. Χ test, multiple logistic regression and correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 1603 participants were included with mean ages of 42.3±14.2 years, ranging from 18 to 60 years. Of these, 51% were male, 42.2% had secondary education and 45% had comorbidities. Television was the main source of COVID-19 information (55.8%). The overall correct response rate of KAP questions was 90%, 78% and 59%, respectively. In stepwise multiple logistic regression, good knowledge was associated with higher education (adjusted OR (AOR): 4.61, 95% CI: 2.40 to 8.85, p<0.001), employment, high body mass index (overweight and obese) and trust in the sources of information. Being female (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.85, p<0.001), having depression (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.34 to 2.43, p<0.001), being a past smoker and sources of information (family members/friends/relatives/neighbours) were associated with positive attitudes. Good practices were associated with older age (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.11, p=0.01), higher education (AOR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.58 to 4.89, p<0.001) and having anxiety, while current smokers and fully vaccinated people were less likely to be engaged in good practices. Positive significant correlations between domains of KAP were observed as well as between past vaccination KAP and COVID-19 KAP. CONCLUSION: This study uncovered gaps in understanding and practices, and identified targeted intervention especially for young and less educated people using mass media to promote updated knowledge regarding COVID-19 and the efficacy of preventive practices.
目的：了解不同人群对 COVID-19 的知识、态度和实践（KAP），可能有助于进一步开展公共卫生宣传。本研究旨在探讨孟加拉国农村地区对 COVID-19 的 KAP，并确定与社会人口统计学、现有临床状况和信息来源的任何潜在联系。
设计：基于社区的横断面研究。
地点：使用多阶段聚类随机抽样，从 18 个村庄招募参与者。
方法：数据收集采用面对面访谈，时间为 2021 年 6 月至 11 月，使用结构化问卷。数据包括社会人口统计学、临床状况、信息来源和 COVID-19 问题的 KAP。进行 X 检验、多因素逻辑回归和相关性分析。
结果：共纳入 1603 名参与者，平均年龄为 42.3±14.2 岁，年龄范围为 18 至 60 岁。其中，51%为男性，42.2%接受过中等教育，45%有合并症。电视是 COVID-19 信息的主要来源（55.8%）。KAP 问题的整体正确回答率分别为 90%、78%和 59%。在逐步多因素逻辑回归中，良好的知识与较高的教育程度（调整后的 OR（AOR）：4.61，95%CI：2.40 至 8.85，p<0.001）、就业、较高的身体质量指数（超重和肥胖）和对信息来源的信任有关。女性（AOR：1.48，95%CI：1.19 至 1.85，p<0.001）、患有抑郁症（AOR：1.80，95%CI：1.34 至 2.43，p<0.001）、过去吸烟和信息来源（家庭成员/朋友/亲戚/邻居）与积极的态度有关。良好的做法与年龄较大（AOR：1.52，95%CI：1.10 至 2.11，p=0.01）、较高的教育程度（AOR：2.78，95%CI：1.58 至 4.89，p<0.001）和焦虑有关，而当前吸烟者和完全接种疫苗的人不太可能采取良好的做法。还观察到 KAP 各领域之间以及过去疫苗接种 KAP 与 COVID-19 KAP 之间存在显著的正相关性。
结论：本研究发现了理解和实践方面的差距，并确定了针对年轻人和受教育程度较低人群的针对性干预措施，利用大众媒体宣传有关 COVID-19 的最新知识和预防措施的效果。
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