Magura S, Goldsmith D, Casriel C, Goldstein P J, Lipton D S
Narcotic and Drug Research, Inc., New York, New York 10027.
Int J Addict. 1987 Aug;22(8):727-49. doi: 10.3109/10826088709027454.
Drug use self-reports were compared with urinalysis for 248 clients in four methadone treatment programs. The validity of self-reporting based on urinalysis as a criterion depended on the type of drug examined. Opiate reporting was least valid, while benzodiazepine and cocaine reporting were moderately and highly valid, respectively. EMIT urinalysis was far more useful as a criterion of validity than TLC urinalysis. Self-reports helped identify drug users who were missed by urinalysis because of the latter's limited detection period, but urinalysis in turn detected an equal number of drug users missed by the interviews. The age of clients and the type of interviewer directly affected the rate of underreporting. Some respondents systematically denied disvalued behaviors (i.e., drug use and criminality), leading to a spurious correlation between these behaviors. This has important implications for future research.
对四个美沙酮治疗项目中的248名客户的药物使用自我报告与尿液分析结果进行了比较。以尿液分析为标准的自我报告的有效性取决于所检测药物的类型。阿片类药物报告的有效性最低，而苯二氮卓类药物和可卡因报告的有效性分别为中等和高度有效。与薄层色谱法尿液分析相比，酶放大免疫测定法尿液分析作为有效性标准要有用得多。自我报告有助于识别那些因尿液分析检测期有限而未被检测出的吸毒者，但尿液分析反过来也检测出了与访谈中未发现的吸毒者数量相同的吸毒者。客户的年龄和访谈者的类型直接影响漏报率。一些受访者系统性地否认有失体面的行为（即吸毒和犯罪），导致这些行为之间出现虚假关联。这对未来的研究具有重要意义。
