Czarnowska Agata, Zajkowska Joanna, Kułakowska Alina
Depertment of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland.
Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2023;57(1):26-35. doi: 10.5603/PJNNS.a2023.0009. Epub 2023 Feb 17.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is the largest global public health struggle. The spread of the novel coronavirus had resulted in almost 7 million deaths worldwide by January 2023.
The most common symptoms during the acute phase of COVID-19 are respiratory. However, many individuals present various neurological deficits at different stages of the infection. Furthermore, there are post-infectious complications that can be present within weeks after the initial symptoms. Both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively) can be affected. Many potential mechanisms and hypotheses regarding the neuropathology behind COVID-19 have been proposed.
The distribution of neurological symptoms during COVID-19 infection among studies differs greatly, which is mostly due to differing inclusion criteria. One of the most significant is incidence involving CNS circulation. In this review, we present basic information regarding the novel coronavirus, the possible routes along which the pathogen can reach the nervous system, neuropathology mechanisms, and neurological symptoms following COVID-19.
It seems that many factors, resulting both from the properties of the virus and from systemic responses to infection, play a role in developing neurological symptoms. The long-term effect of the virus on the nervous system is still unknown.
持续的新冠疫情是全球最大的公共卫生挑战。截至2023年1月，新型冠状病毒的传播已在全球导致近700万人死亡。
新冠病毒感染急性期最常见的症状是呼吸道症状。然而，许多人在感染的不同阶段出现各种神经功能缺损。此外，在初始症状出现后的数周内可能会出现感染后并发症。中枢神经系统和外周神经系统（分别为CNS和PNS）均可受到影响。关于新冠病毒背后神经病理学的许多潜在机制和假说已被提出。
新冠病毒感染期间神经症状的分布在不同研究中差异很大，这主要是由于纳入标准不同。其中最显著的一点是涉及中枢神经系统循环的发病率。在本综述中，我们介绍了关于新型冠状病毒的基本信息、病原体可能到达神经系统的途径、神经病理学机制以及新冠病毒感染后的神经症状。
似乎病毒特性和全身感染反应产生的许多因素在神经症状的发展中都起作用。病毒对神经系统的长期影响仍然未知。
