Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2023 Jun;128:71-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.034. Epub 2022 Sep 6.
Photoinitiators (PIs) are widely used in industrial polymerization processes. It has been reported that PIs are ubiquitous in indoor environments and that humans are exposed to PIs, but the occurrence of PIs in natural environments are rarely known. In the present study, 25 PIs, including 9 benzophenones (BZPs), 8 amine co-initiators (ACIs), 4 thioxanthones (TXs) and 4 phosphine oxides (POs), were analyzed in water and sediment samples collected from eight riverine outlets of the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Eighteen, 14, and 14 of the 25 target PIs were detected in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment samples, respectively. The total concentrations of PIs in water, SPM, and sediment were in the ranges of 2.88‒96.1 ng/L, 9.25‒923 ng/g dry weight (dw), and 3.79‒56.9 ng/g dw, with geometric mean concentration (GM) of 10.8 ng/L, 48.6 ng/g dw, and 17.1 ng/g dw, respectively. A significant linear regression was observed between the log partitioning coefficients (K) values of PIs and their log octanol water partition coefficient (K) values (R = 0.535, p < 0.05). The annual riverine input of PIs to the coastal waters of the South China Sea via eight main outlets of the PRD was estimated to be 4.12 × 10 kg/year, and the ∑BZPs, ∑ACIs, ∑TXs and ∑POs contributed to 1.96 × 10, 1.24 × 10, 89.6 and 830 kg/year, respectively. This is the first report of a systematic description of the occurrence characteristics of PIs exposure in water, SPM, and sediment. The environmental fate and risks of PIs in aquatic environments need further investigations.
光引发剂（PIs）广泛应用于工业聚合过程。据报道，PIs 普遍存在于室内环境中，人类会接触到 PIs，但 PIs 在自然环境中的存在情况却鲜为人知。本研究分析了珠江三角洲（PRD） 8 个河口水体和沉积物样品中 25 种 PIs，包括 9 种二苯甲酮（BZPs）、8 种胺助引发剂（ACIs）、4 种硫杂蒽酮（TXs）和 4 种氧化膦（POs）。在水体、悬浮颗粒物（SPM）和沉积物样品中分别检测到 25 种目标 PIs 中的 18、14 和 14 种。PIs 在水体、SPM 和沉积物中的总浓度范围分别为 2.88-96.1ng/L、9.25-923ng/g 干重（dw）和 3.79-56.9ng/g dw，几何平均浓度（GM）分别为 10.8ng/L、48.6ng/g dw 和 17.1ng/g dw。PIs 的分配系数（K）值与辛醇-水分配系数（log KOW）值之间存在显著的线性回归关系（R=0.535，p<0.05）。通过 PRD 的 8 个主要出水口，估计每年有 4.12×104kg 的 PIs 输入南海近岸海域，其中∑BZPs、∑ACIs、∑TXs 和∑POs 分别贡献了 1.96×104kg、1.24×104kg、89.6kg 和 830kg。这是首次系统描述 PIs 在水体、SPM 和沉积物中暴露的发生特征。需要进一步研究 PIs 在水生环境中的环境归宿和风险。
