School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
University Maternity Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
Rural Remote Health. 2023 Jan;23(1):8088. doi: 10.22605/RRH8088. Epub 2023 Jan 10.
Breastfeeding practices have demonstrated a protective effect against severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease outcomes. RSV is the principal cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants worldwide, and an important cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality. The primary aim is to determine the impact of breastfeeding on the incidence and severity of RSV bronchiolitis in infants. Secondly, the study aims to determine if breastfeeding contributes to reduction of hospitalization rates, length of stay and oxygen use in confirmed cases.
A preliminary database search was conducted using agreed keywords and MeSH headings in MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, MedRχiv and Cochrane Reviews. Articles were screened based on inclusion/exclusion criteria for infants aged 0-12 months. Full text, abstract and conference articles published in English were included from 2000 to 2021. Covidence® software was used for evidence extraction using paired investigator agreement and PRISMA guidelines were followed.
1368 studies were screened and 217 were eligible for full text review. 188 were excluded. Twenty-nine articles were selected for data extraction: RSV-bronchiolitis (18) and viral bronchiolitis (13), with two articles discussing both. Results showed that non-breastfeeding practices are a significant risk factor for hospitalization. Exclusive breastfeeding for >4-6 months significantly lowered admission rates, length of stay and supplemental oxygen use, reducing unscheduled GP visits and emergency department presentation.
Exclusive and partial breastfeeding reduce severity of RSV bronchiolitis, length of hospital stay and supplemental oxygen requirement. Breastfeeding practices should be supported and encouraged as a cost-effective method to prevent infant hospitalization and severe bronchiolitis infection.
母乳喂养实践对严重呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）疾病结局具有保护作用。RSV 是全球婴儿下呼吸道感染的主要原因，也是发病率、住院率和死亡率的重要原因。主要目的是确定母乳喂养对婴儿 RSV 毛细支气管炎发病率和严重程度的影响。其次，研究旨在确定母乳喂养是否有助于降低确诊病例的住院率、住院时间和氧气使用量。
使用商定的关键词和 MEDLINE、PubMed、Google Scholar、EMBASE、MedRχiv 和 Cochrane Reviews 中的 MeSH 标题进行初步数据库搜索。根据纳入/排除标准筛选年龄在 0-12 个月的婴儿的文章。从 2000 年至 2021 年，全文、摘要和会议文章均以英文发表，并纳入 Covidence®软件进行证据提取，同时遵循 PRISMA 指南。
筛选出 1368 项研究，其中 217 项符合全文审查标准。排除 188 项。选择 29 篇文章进行数据提取：RSV-毛细支气管炎（18 篇）和病毒性毛细支气管炎（13 篇），其中两篇文章同时讨论了这两种疾病。结果表明，非母乳喂养做法是住院的显著危险因素。>4-6 个月的纯母乳喂养显著降低了入院率、住院时间和补充氧气的使用，减少了非计划性全科医生就诊和急诊科就诊。
纯母乳喂养和部分母乳喂养可降低 RSV 毛细支气管炎的严重程度、住院时间和补充氧气需求。应支持和鼓励母乳喂养做法，将其作为一种具有成本效益的方法，以预防婴儿住院和严重毛细支气管炎感染。
