VTM - Consultores em Engenharia e Planeamento, Lda., Linda-a-Velha, Portugal.
Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Work. 2023;76(2):835-851. doi: 10.3233/WOR-210458.
Historically, the transport sector has been male-dominated in all countries, including Portugal. In recent years, Portugal has struggled to balance the proportion of men and women working in the transport sector through policies, programs, and awareness campaigns. In most cases, the overall impact has been rather unsatisfactory, questioning the necessity of introducing other methods and strategies.
The main objectives were to assess the existing gender inequalities in the Portuguese transport sector labour market, identify the causes, and propose guidelines and possible solutions towards a more inclusive and gender-neutral society.
Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the methodological background of this research is divided into three main parts: (i) a literature review of academic publications, reports, and laws in the European and Portuguese context, (ii) semi-structured interviews with representatives of two Portuguese transport companies, and (iii) statistical analysis compiling data from European and national official sources.
There is evidence of differences in opportunities between women and men, starting with lower mobility and access to the labour market. Some companies in the sector have already recognised the existence of asymmetries and have introduced policies and measures to reduce them. Nonetheless, the actions already implemented have not led to the expected results.
More governmental and institutional attention should be provided to develop gender-neutral employment policies for the transport sector and more accurate gender equality measures and instruments to change the status quo are needed. This paper presents a series of recommendations for better governance of gender inequalities in the Portuguese transport labour market.
在所有国家，包括葡萄牙，运输部门历来都是以男性为主导。近年来，葡萄牙一直致力于通过政策、计划和宣传活动来平衡男女在运输部门工作的比例。但在大多数情况下，整体效果并不尽如人意，这使得人们开始质疑是否有必要引入其他方法和策略。
评估葡萄牙运输部门劳动力市场中现有的性别不平等现象，找出原因，并提出指导方针和可能的解决方案，以实现一个更具包容性和性别中立的社会。
本研究采用定性和定量方法，其方法论背景分为三个主要部分：（i）对欧洲和葡萄牙背景下的学术出版物、报告和法律进行文献回顾，（ii）对两家葡萄牙运输公司的代表进行半结构化访谈，（iii）从欧洲和国家官方来源汇编数据进行统计分析。
有证据表明，男女之间的机会存在差异，首先是流动性和进入劳动力市场的机会较低。该行业的一些公司已经认识到存在不对称现象，并已采取政策和措施来减少这些现象。然而，已经实施的行动并没有带来预期的结果。
政府和机构应更加关注为运输部门制定性别中立的就业政策，并需要采取更准确的性别平等措施和工具来改变现状。本文提出了一系列建议，以更好地治理葡萄牙运输劳动力市场中的性别不平等问题。
