Stein Renato T, Zar Heather J
Infant Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023 Jun;58(6):1631-1639. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26370. Epub 2023 Mar 3.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents a major global healthcare burden, particularly in those under 5 years of age. There is no available vaccine, with treatment limited to supportive care or palivizumab for high-risk children. Additionally, although a causal relationship has not been established, RSV has been associated with the development of asthma or wheezing in some children. The COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have caused substantial changes to RSV seasonality and epidemiology. Many countries have experienced an absence of RSV during the time of a typical season, followed by an out-of-season surge upon relaxation of NPI use. These dynamics have disrupted traditional RSV disease patterns and assumptions, but also provide a unique opportunity to learn more about the transmission of RSV and other respiratory viruses, as well as inform future approaches to RSV preventive strategies. Here, we review the RSV burden and epidemiology through the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss how new data may affect future decisions regarding RSV prevention.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是全球主要的医疗负担，尤其是对5岁以下儿童而言。目前尚无可用疫苗，治疗方法仅限于支持性护理或用于高危儿童的帕利珠单抗。此外，尽管尚未确立因果关系，但RSV与某些儿童哮喘或喘息的发生有关。2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行以及非药物干预措施（NPIs）的实施，已使RSV的季节性和流行病学发生了重大变化。许多国家在典型季节期间未出现RSV，而在放松NPIs使用后出现了非季节性激增。这些动态变化不仅扰乱了传统的RSV疾病模式和假设，也提供了一个独特的机会，以更多地了解RSV和其他呼吸道病毒的传播，并为未来的RSV预防策略提供参考。在此，我们回顾了COVID-19大流行期间的RSV负担和流行病学，并讨论新数据可能如何影响未来关于RSV预防的决策。
