Wang Chaofeng, Wang Xiaoyu, Xu Zhiqiang, Luo Guangfu, Chen Chao, Li Haibo, Liu Yunpeng, Li Jingyuan, He Jianfeng, Chen Hongxia, Zhang Wuchang
CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
Mar Environ Res. 2023 Apr;186:105924. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105924. Epub 2023 Feb 18.
Despite the planktonic ciliate importance in the microzooplankton compartment, their full-depth vertical distribution in the Arctic Ocean was poorly documented as well as the related variations in different water masses. The full-depth community structure of planktonic ciliates was investigated in the Arctic Ocean during summer 2021. The ciliate abundance and biomass decreased rapidly from 200 m to bottom. Five water masses were identified throughout the water column and each one exhibited a unique ciliate community structure. Aloricate ciliates were singled out as the dominant group with average abundance proportion to total ciliates at each depth >95%. Large (>30 μm) and small (10-20 μm) size-fractions of aloricate ciliates were abundant in shallow and deep waters, respectively, which revealed an anti-phase relationship in vertical distribution. Three new record tintinnid species were found during this survey. Pacific-origin species Salpingella sp.1 and Arctic endemic species Ptychocylis urnula occupied the top abundance proportion in the Pacific Summer Water (44.7%) and three water masses (≥38.7%, Mixed Layer Water, Remnant Winter Water, Atlantic-origin Water), respectively. The habitat suitability of tintinnid abundant species was characterised by the Bio-index revealing a distinct death-zone for each species. Variations in survival habitat of abundant tintinnids can be regarded as indicators for the future Arctic climate change. These results provide fundamental data on the microzooplankton response to the intrusion of Pacific waters into the Arctic Ocean upon its rapid warming.
尽管浮游纤毛虫在微型浮游动物群落中具有重要地位，但它们在北冰洋的全深度垂直分布以及不同水体中的相关变化却鲜有记录。2021年夏季，对北冰洋浮游纤毛虫的全深度群落结构进行了调查。纤毛虫的丰度和生物量从200米到海底迅速下降。在整个水柱中识别出了五个水体，每个水体都呈现出独特的纤毛虫群落结构。无壳纤毛虫被确定为优势类群，在每个深度占总纤毛虫的平均丰度比例>95%。大型（>30μm）和小型（10 - 20μm）无壳纤毛虫分别在浅水和深水中大量存在，这揭示了垂直分布上的反相位关系。在此次调查中发现了三种新记录的铃壳虫物种。源自太平洋的物种Salpingella sp.1和北极特有物种Ptychocylis urnula分别在太平洋夏季水（44.7%）和三个水体（≥38.7%，混合层水、残余冬季水、源自大西洋的水）中占据最高丰度比例。通过生物指数表征了铃壳虫优势物种的栖息地适宜性，揭示了每个物种独特的死亡区。优势铃壳虫生存栖息地的变化可被视为未来北极气候变化的指标。这些结果提供了关于微型浮游动物对太平洋海水在北极快速变暖时入侵的响应的基础数据。
