Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Shenshan Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shanwei, China; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Center for Family and Community Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Sleep Health. 2023 Jun;9(3):268-276. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.11.003. Epub 2023 Feb 20.
To examine racial and ethnic disparities and associated factors of insufficient sleep among children from infancy to preschool-aged.
We analyzed parent-reported data on US children ages 4 months-5 years (n = 13,975) from the 2018 and 2019 National Survey of Children's Health. Children who slept less than the age-specific minimum hours recommended by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine were classified as having insufficient sleep. Logistic regression was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (AOR).
An estimated 34.3% of children from infancy to preschool-aged experienced insufficient sleep. Socioeconomic factors (poverty [AOR] = 1.5, parents' education level [AORs] from 1.3 to 1.5); parent-child interaction variables (AORs from 1.4 to 1.6); breast feeding status (AOR = 1.5); family structure (AORs from 1.5 to 4.4); and weeknight bedtime regularity (AORs from 1.3 to 3.0) were significantly associated with having insufficient sleep. Non-Hispanic Black (OR = 3.2) and Hispanic children (OR = 1.6) had significantly higher odds of insufficient sleep compared to non-Hispanic White children. Racial and ethnic disparities in insufficient sleep between non-Hispanic White children and Hispanic children were largely attenuated by adjusting for social economic factors. However, the difference in insufficient sleep between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White children remains (AOR = 1.6) after adjusting socioeconomic and other factors.
More than one-third of the sample reported insufficient sleep. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables, racial disparities in insufficient sleep decreased but persistent disparities existed. Further research is warranted to examine other factors and develop interventions to address multilevel factors and improve sleep health among racial and ethnic minority group children.
研究从婴儿期到学龄前儿童中睡眠不足的种族和民族差异及其相关因素。
我们分析了美国儿童健康调查 2018 年和 2019 年的父母报告数据，这些数据涉及 4 个月至 5 岁的儿童（n=13975）。睡眠少于美国睡眠医学学会推荐的年龄特定最小睡眠时间的儿童被归类为睡眠不足。使用逻辑回归来估计未调整和调整后的优势比（AOR）。
估计有 34.3%的婴儿到学龄前儿童睡眠不足。社会经济因素（贫困[AOR]=1.5，父母教育程度[AORs]从 1.3 到 1.5）；父母与子女互动变量（AORs 从 1.4 到 1.6）；母乳喂养状况（AOR=1.5）；家庭结构（AORs 从 1.5 到 4.4）和工作日夜间就寝时间规律（AORs 从 1.3 到 3.0）与睡眠不足显著相关。与非西班牙裔白人儿童相比，非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔儿童睡眠不足的可能性显著更高（非西班牙裔黑人 OR=3.2，西班牙裔 OR=1.6）。在调整社会经济因素后，非西班牙裔白人和西班牙裔儿童之间在睡眠不足方面的种族和民族差异大大减弱，但在调整社会经济和其他因素后，非西班牙裔黑人和非西班牙裔白人儿童之间在睡眠不足方面的差异仍然存在（AOR=1.6）。
超过三分之一的样本报告睡眠不足。在调整社会人口统计学变量后，睡眠不足的种族差异有所减少，但仍存在持续的差异。需要进一步研究以检查其他因素，并制定干预措施，以解决多层次因素并改善少数族裔儿童的睡眠健康。
