Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food, Science, Nutrition & Technology, Applied Human Nutrition Program, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of International Agricultural Development, Graduate School of International Food and Agricultural Studies, Tropical Crop Science, Master Program, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
Matern Child Nutr. 2023 Jul;19(3):e13493. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13493. Epub 2023 Feb 22.
The southeastern region of Kenya is prone to aflatoxin outbreaks, yet maternal and infant aflatoxin intake levels remain unclear. We determined dietary aflatoxin exposure of 170 lactating mothers breastfeeding children aged 6 months and below in a descriptive cross-sectional study involving aflatoxin analysis of maize-based cooked food samples (n = 48). Their socioeconomic characteristics, food consumption patterns and postharvest handling of maize were determined. Aflatoxins were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package Software for Social Sciences (SPSS version 27) and Palisade's @Risk software. About 46% of the mothers were from low-income households, and 48.2% had not attained the basic level of education. A generally low dietary diversity was reported among 54.1% of lactating mothers. Food consumption pattern was skewed towards starchy staples. Approximately 50% never treated their maize, and at least 20% stored their maize in containers that promote aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxin was detected in 85.4% of food samples. The mean of total aflatoxin was 97.8 μg/kg (standard deviation [SD], 57.7), while aflatoxin B1 was 9.0 μg/kg (SD, 7.7). The mean dietary intake of total aflatoxin and aflatoxin B1 was 7.6 μg/kg/b.w.t/day (SD, 7.5) and 0.6 (SD, 0.6), respectively. Dietary aflatoxin exposure of lactating mothers was high (margin of exposure < 10,000). Sociodemographic characteristics, food consumption patterns and postharvest handling of maize variably influenced dietary aflatoxin exposure of the mothers. The high prevalence and presence of aflatoxin in foods of lactating mothers are a public health concern and calls for the need to devise easy-to-use household food safety and monitoring measures in the study area.
肯尼亚东南部地区易发生黄曲霉毒素爆发，但孕产妇和婴儿摄入黄曲霉毒素的水平仍不清楚。我们在一项描述性的横断面研究中，对 170 名正在母乳喂养 6 个月以下婴儿的哺乳期母亲进行了饮食黄曲霉毒素暴露评估，该研究涉及对基于玉米的熟食样本（n=48）进行黄曲霉毒素分析。确定了她们的社会经济特征、食物消费模式以及玉米的产后处理情况。使用高效液相色谱法和酶联免疫吸附试验测定黄曲霉毒素。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS 版本 27）和 Palisade 的@Risk 软件进行统计分析。大约 46%的母亲来自低收入家庭，48.2%没有接受过基本教育。报告显示，54.1%的哺乳期母亲饮食多样性普遍较低。食物消费模式偏向于淀粉主食。大约 50%的母亲从不处理她们的玉米，至少有 20%的母亲将玉米储存在促进黄曲霉毒素污染的容器中。在 85.4%的食物样本中检测到黄曲霉毒素。总黄曲霉毒素的平均值为 97.8μg/kg（标准差[SD]，57.7），而黄曲霉毒素 B1 的平均值为 9.0μg/kg（SD，7.7）。哺乳期母亲的总黄曲霉毒素和黄曲霉毒素 B1 的平均膳食摄入量分别为 7.6μg/kg/体重/天（SD，7.5）和 0.6（SD，0.6）。哺乳期母亲的饮食黄曲霉毒素暴露量很高（暴露量边际值<10000）。社会人口统计学特征、食物消费模式和玉米产后处理方式不同程度地影响了母亲的饮食黄曲霉毒素暴露量。哺乳期母亲食用的食物中黄曲霉毒素的高流行率和存在是一个公共卫生问题，需要在研究区域内制定简单易用的家庭食品安全和监测措施。
