Shang Yuxi, Wang Kaijie, Tian Yuye, Zhou Yingyu, Ma Beibei, Liu Sanyang
School of Law, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
MBA Education Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.
Front Psychol. 2023 Feb 6;14:1087463. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1087463. eCollection 2023.
The influencing factors of internet fraud, including demographics, psychology, experience and knowledge of susceptibility, have been widely studied. Research on the psychological mechanism of the victimisation process of internet fraud is relatively scarce but suggests a new research perspective. To summarise and unify the research in this field, this study systematically searched and analysed articles on the psychological decision-making mechanism of online fraud victims. We found that (a) previous researchers consistently believed that the heuristic processing mode was correlated with susceptibility to online fraud and that the systematic processing mode was helpful to detect and identify fraud. From the overall review results, we do not reject this conclusion, but the verification and intrinsic explanation of this relationship need to be further strengthened. (b) Under the heuristic-systematic model (HSM), with the exception of the trait of suspicion, there is no consensus on whether psychological factors (e.g., personality) influence the likelihood of online fraud through the mediating effect of the selection of the two systems. Objective knowledge and experience in specific fields have been found to be able to achieve this path. Information on the influential variables of equipment and habits is emerging, but how they affect network victimisation through the heuristic processing system needs to be further clarified. (c) The measurement of variables is conducted through simulation experiments. There may be a gap between the likelihood of internet fraud victimisation in the simulation experiment and in the real world. (d) The defence strategies under the HSM are intentional explorations, such as content-based cue recognition technology and simulated scene training.
网络诈骗的影响因素，包括人口统计学、心理学、易感性方面的经验和知识等，已得到广泛研究。关于网络诈骗受害过程心理机制的研究相对较少，但提出了一个新的研究视角。为了总结和统一该领域的研究，本研究系统地检索并分析了关于网络诈骗受害者心理决策机制的文章。我们发现：（a）先前的研究人员一直认为启发式加工模式与网络诈骗易感性相关，而系统加工模式有助于检测和识别诈骗。从整体综述结果来看，我们不否认这一结论，但这种关系的验证和内在解释需要进一步加强。（b）在启发式 - 系统模型（HSM）下，除了怀疑特质外，对于心理因素（如个性）是否通过两种系统选择的中介作用影响网络诈骗可能性，尚无共识。已发现特定领域的客观知识和经验能够实现这一途径。关于设备和习惯等影响变量的信息正在出现，但它们如何通过启发式加工系统影响网络受害情况尚需进一步阐明。（c）变量的测量通过模拟实验进行。模拟实验中网络诈骗受害可能性与现实世界可能存在差距。（d）HSM下的防御策略是有意探索，如基于内容的线索识别技术和模拟场景训练。
