Wang Yichao, Crowe Mallery, Knibbs Luke D, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew, Mygind Lærke, Kerr Jessica A, Wake Melissa, Olsson Craig A, Enticott Peter G, Peters Rachel L, Daraganova Galina, Mavoa Suzanne, Lycett Kate
Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
Environ Pollut. 2023 May 1;324:121329. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121329. Epub 2023 Feb 21.
Exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with reduced cognitive function in childhood and later life, with too few mid-life studies to draw conclusions. In contrast, residential greenness has been associated with enhanced cognitive function throughout the lifecourse. Here we examine the extent to which (1) ambient air pollution and residential greenness predict later cognitive function in adolescence and mid-life, and (2) greenness modifies air pollution-cognitive function associations.
6220 adolescents (51% male) and 2623 mid-life adults (96% mothers) from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.
Exposures: Annual average particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and greenness (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) for residential addresses from validated land-use regression models over a 10-13-year period.
Cognitive function from CogState tests of attention, working memory and executive function, dichotomised into poorer (worst quartile) versus not poor.
Adjusted mixed-effects generalised linear models with residential greenness assessed as an effect modifier (high vs. low divided at median). The annual mean for PM and NO across exposure windows was 6.3-6.8 μg/m, and 5.5-7.1 ppb, respectively. For adolescents, an IQR increment of NO was associated with 19-24% increased odds of having poorer executive function across all time windows, while associations weren't observed between air pollution and other outcomes. For adults, high NO predicted poorer cognitive function across all outcomes, while high PM predicted poorer attention only. There was little evidence of associations between greenness and cognitive function in adjusted models for both generations. Interactions were found between residential greenness, air pollutants and cognitive function in adolescents, but not adults. The magnitude of effects was similar across generations and exposure windows. Findings highlight the potential benefits of cognitive health associated with the regulation of air pollution and urban planning strategies for increasing green spaces and vegetation.
暴露于环境空气污染与儿童期及成年后期认知功能下降有关，而中年期研究过少，无法得出结论。相比之下，居住环境的绿化程度与整个生命历程中认知功能的增强有关。在此，我们研究了以下两个方面的程度：（1）环境空气污染和居住环境绿化程度对青少年和中年期后期认知功能的预测作用；（2）绿化程度对空气污染与认知功能关联的调节作用。
来自澳大利亚儿童纵向研究的6220名青少年（51%为男性）和2623名中年成年人（96%为母亲）。
暴露因素：通过经过验证的土地利用回归模型，在10 - 13年期间获取居住地址的年平均细颗粒物（PM）<2.5微米、二氧化氮（NO）和绿化程度（归一化植被指数）。
通过CogState测试评估注意力、工作记忆和执行功能的认知功能，分为较差（最差四分位数）和不差两类。
采用调整后的混合效应广义线性模型，将居住环境绿化程度作为效应修饰因素（以中位数为界分为高与低）进行评估。暴露窗口期间PM和NO的年平均值分别为6.3 - 6.8微克/立方米和5.5 - 7.1 ppb。对于青少年，在所有时间窗口中，NO每增加一个四分位间距，执行功能较差的几率增加19 - 24%，而空气污染与其他结果之间未观察到关联。对于成年人，高NO预示着所有结果的认知功能较差，而高PM仅预示着注意力较差。在两代人的调整模型中，几乎没有证据表明绿化程度与认知功能之间存在关联。在青少年中发现了居住环境绿化程度、空气污染物与认知功能之间的相互作用，但在成年人中未发现。不同代际和暴露窗口的效应大小相似。研究结果凸显了空气污染治理以及增加绿地和植被的城市规划策略对认知健康的潜在益处。
