Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan and School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
J Phys Chem Lett. 2023 Mar 9;14(9):2284-2291. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00050. Epub 2023 Feb 24.
Electrochromic smart windows offer dynamic control of sunshine and solar heat in modern architecture. Yet, how to obtain aesthetically pleasing color tuning states such as gray and black is a great challenge, and the corresponding desorption mechanism in electrochromism is still not well understood. Here, we report one transmissive-to-black NiO electrochromic film assembled by a facile and low-cost electrostatic spray technology, which achieves ultralarge optical modulation, high coloration efficiency, and remarkable energy storage capacity. By in-depth experimental analyses and the first-principle calculations, multistep electrochemical desorption mechanisms of OH and electrochromic switching kinetics of the NiO film were unveiled. Additionally, the assembled NiO film-based smart energy storage indicator can visually display its energy storage level in real time. Our obtained NiO films and subsequent devices can serve as potential candidates in a broad range of innovative electrochromic applications including multifunctional smart windows, energy-efficient displays, energy-storage indicators, electronic labels, etc.
电致变色智能窗为现代建筑提供了对阳光和太阳能的动态控制。然而，如何获得美观的颜色调节状态，如灰色和黑色，是一个巨大的挑战，电致变色中的相应解吸机制仍未得到很好的理解。在这里，我们报告了一种通过简便且低成本的静电喷涂技术组装的透明到黑色的 NiO 电致变色薄膜，该薄膜实现了超大的光学调制、高着色效率和显著的储能能力。通过深入的实验分析和第一性原理计算，揭示了 NiO 薄膜的多步电化学解吸机制和电致变色开关动力学。此外，组装的 NiO 薄膜基智能储能指示器可以实时直观地显示其储能水平。我们获得的 NiO 薄膜及其后续器件可以作为广泛的创新电致变色应用的潜在候选材料，包括多功能智能窗、节能显示器、储能指示器、电子标签等。
