Filice Mariacristina, Reinero Francesca Romana, Cerra Maria Carmela, Faggio Caterina, Leonetti Francesco Luigi, Micarelli Primo, Giglio Gianni, Sperone Emilio, Barca Donatella, Imbrogno Sandra
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
Sharks Studies Center-Scientific Institute, 58024 Massa Marittima, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Feb 19;12(2):524. doi: 10.3390/antiox12020524.
Marine pollution, due to the regular discharge of contaminants by various anthropogenic sources, is a growing problem that imposes detrimental influences on natural species. Sharks, because of a diet based on smaller polluted animals, are exposed to the risk of water contamination and the subsequent bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Trace elements are very diffuse water pollutants and able to induce oxidative stress in a variety of marine organisms. However, to date, studies on sharks are rather scarce and often limited to mercury. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the accumulation of trace elements and their putative correlation with the onset of an oxidative status in the muscle of the lesser spotted dogfish , from the Central Mediterranean Sea. Ecotoxicological analysis detected the presence of Pb, As, Cd, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Fe; no significant differences were observed between sexes, while a negative correlation was found between Pb and animal length. Analysis of oxidative stress markers showed either positive or negative correlation with respect to the presence of trace elements. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) positively correlated with Zn, Ni, and Fe; SOD enzyme activity negatively correlated with Cu and Ni; LDH was negatively correlated with Fe and positively correlated with Pb. Moreover, positive correlations between the leukocyte count and Mn and Zn, as well as with LDH activity, were also observed. The data suggested that, in sharks, trace elements accumulation may affect oxidant and antioxidant processes with important outcomes for their physiology and health.
由于各种人为来源定期排放污染物，海洋污染正成为一个日益严重的问题，对自然物种产生有害影响。鲨鱼由于以较小的受污染动物为食，面临水污染以及随后的生物累积和生物放大的风险。微量元素是非常普遍的水污染物，能够在各种海洋生物中诱发氧化应激。然而，迄今为止，关于鲨鱼的研究相当稀少，且往往仅限于汞。在此背景下，本研究旨在分析地中海中部小斑点猫鲨肌肉中微量元素的积累及其与氧化状态发生之间的假定相关性。生态毒理学分析检测到铅、砷、镉、锰、锌、镍、铜和铁的存在；未观察到性别之间存在显著差异，而铅与鱼的体长之间存在负相关。氧化应激标志物分析显示，其与微量元素的存在呈正相关或负相关。脂质过氧化（TBARS）与锌、镍和铁呈正相关；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）酶活性与铜和镍呈负相关；乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）与铁呈负相关，与铅呈正相关。此外，还观察到白细胞计数与锰、锌以及与LDH活性之间呈正相关。数据表明，在鲨鱼中，微量元素的积累可能会影响氧化和抗氧化过程，对其生理和健康产生重要影响。
