Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives and Their Insecticidal Activity against Caribbean Fruit Fly, (Loew).

In this study, thirteen phthalimide derivatives were designed and synthesized. All synthesized compounds were evaluated to determine their potential for inhibitory activities against females of the Caribbean fruit fly, (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae). These efforts led to the discovery of three compounds , , and with potent insecticidal activity (LD range from 0.70 to 1.91 μg/fly). Among these compounds, exhibited the highest inhibitory potency with 0.70 μg/fly. In addition, in silico models indicated that compound is less toxic than phthalimide and other precursors. Therefore, our results suggest that has strong potential as a candidate component for developing a novel environmentally friendly insecticide for control of pest fruit flies.