Shen Ruyue, Li Venice S W, Wong Mandy O M, Chan Poemen P M
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Children (Basel). 2023 Jan 18;10(2):181. doi: 10.3390/children10020181.
Pediatric glaucoma (PG) covers a rare and heterogeneous group of diseases with variable causes and presentations. Delayed diagnosis of PG could lead to blindness, bringing emotional and psychological burdens to patients' caregivers. Recent genetic studies identified novel causative genes, which may provide new insight into the etiology of PG. More effective screening strategies could be beneficial for timely diagnosis and treatment. New findings on clinical characteristics and the latest examination instruments have provided additional evidence for diagnosing PG. In addition to IOP-lowering therapy, managing concomitant amblyopia and other associated ocular pathologies is essential to achieve a better visual outcome. Surgical treatment is usually required although medication is often used before surgery. These include angle surgeries, filtering surgeries, minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries, cyclophotocoagulation, and deep sclerectomy. Several advanced surgical therapies have been developed to increase success rates and decrease postoperative complications. Here, we review the classification and diagnosis, etiology, screening, clinical characteristics, examinations, and management of PG.
小儿青光眼（PG）是一组罕见且异质性的疾病，病因和临床表现各异。PG的延迟诊断可能导致失明，给患者的照料者带来情感和心理负担。最近的基因研究发现了新的致病基因，这可能为PG的病因提供新的见解。更有效的筛查策略可能有助于及时诊断和治疗。关于临床特征的新发现和最新的检查仪器为PG的诊断提供了更多证据。除了降低眼压治疗外，管理合并的弱视和其他相关眼部病变对于获得更好的视觉效果至关重要。尽管手术前通常使用药物治疗，但通常仍需要手术治疗。这些手术包括房角手术、滤过手术、微创青光眼手术、睫状体光凝术和深层巩膜切除术。已经开发了几种先进的手术疗法来提高成功率并减少术后并发症。在此，我们综述PG的分类与诊断、病因、筛查、临床特征、检查及治疗。
