Larkin Paul, Carlon Todd, Sortino Benjamin, Greer Sam, Cuttiford Tennille, Wijekulasuriya Gyan, Pane Calvin
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
Maribyrnong Sports Academy, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
Children (Basel). 2023 Jan 25;10(2):212. doi: 10.3390/children10020212.
Talent-identified male and female athletes are assumed to have greater speed and power than the general population at a given age. However, a comparison of the jump and sprint performance of an Australian cohort of male and female youth athletes from various sports to age-matched controls has not occurred. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare anthropometric and physical performance markers between ~13-year-old talent-identified youth athletes and general population Australian youth. The anthropometry and physical performance in talent-identified youth athletes (n = 136, 83 males) and general population youth (n = 250, 135 males) were tested during the first month of the school year in an Australian high school within a specialized sports academy. Talent-identified females were taller ( < 0.001; d = 0.60), sprinted faster (20 m: < 0.001; d = -1.16), and jumped higher ( < 0.001; d = 0.88) than general population youth females. Similarly, talent-identified males sprinted faster (20 m: < 0.001; d = -0.78) and jumped higher ( < 0.001; d = 0.87) than general population youth males, but were not taller ( = 0.13; d = 0.21). Body mass was not different between groups for males ( = 0.310) or females ( = 0.723). Overall, youth, particularly females, who are trained in a variety of sports, exhibit greater speed and power during early adolescence compared to their age-matched peers, with anthropometric differences only occurring in females at 13 years of age. Whether talented athletes are selected because they exhibit these traits or whether speed and power are developed through sport participation requires further investigation.
一般认为，在特定年龄，经选拔出的男女运动员比普通人群具有更快的速度和更强的力量。然而，尚未对澳大利亚一群来自不同运动项目的男女青年运动员与年龄匹配的对照组的跳跃和短跑成绩进行比较。因此，本研究的目的是比较约13岁经选拔出的青年运动员与澳大利亚普通青年人群的人体测量指标和身体运动表现指标。在一所澳大利亚高中内的专业体育学院，于学年的第一个月对经选拔出的青年运动员（n = 136，男83名）和普通青年人群（n = 250，男135名）的人体测量指标和身体运动表现进行了测试。经选拔出的女性比普通青年女性更高（<0.001；d = 0.60）、短跑速度更快（20米：<0.001；d = -1.16）、跳跃更高（<0.001；d = 0.88）。同样，经选拔出的男性比普通青年男性短跑速度更快（20米：<0.001；d = -0.78）、跳跃更高（<0.001；d = 0.87），但身高无差异（= 0.13；d = 0.21）。男性（= 0.310）和女性（= 0.723）组间体重无差异。总体而言，与年龄匹配的同龄人相比，接受多种运动训练的青少年，尤其是女性，在青春期早期表现出更快的速度和更强的力量，人体测量差异仅出现在13岁的女性中。是因为这些特质而选拔出有天赋的运动员，还是速度和力量是通过参与运动而发展的，这需要进一步研究。
