Ryan L, Ehrlich S, Finnegan L
Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1987 Jul-Aug;9(4):295-9. doi: 10.1016/0892-0362(87)90018-3.
The outcome of infants born to cocaine-using drug dependent women was compared to that of infants of non-cocaine using drug dependent and non-drug dependent women. The study population included 150 pregnant women: 50 women used heroin and methadone plus cocaine, 50 used heroin and methadone minus cocaine, and 50 were non-drug dependent women. Significant differences were found between the cocaine and drug-free groups in infant birth weight, length, head circumference and Apgar scores, with the cocaine group having lower values for each variable. Average gestational age did not vary between the 3 groups. The cocaine group included 1 spontaneous abortion and 4 fetal deaths; non-cocaine drug dependent women had 2 fetal deaths, with none in the control group. Mean abstinence scores for 19 of the physiological and behavioral parameters were lower in the cocaine group than in the non-cocaine drug dependent women with the exception of vomiting and convulsions. These data suggest that: (1) infants born to drug dependent women have a poorer general outcome than those born to non-drug dependent women; (2) maternal cocaine use does not appear to increase the incidence of severe neonatal abstinence symptomatology; (3) pregnancies complicated by cocaine abuse have a greater chance for fetal loss resulting from both spontaneous abortions and fetal death; (4) infants born to cocaine abusing women had infants with decreased birth weight, head circumference, length and Apgar scores.
将使用可卡因的药物依赖女性所生婴儿的结局与不使用可卡因的药物依赖女性及非药物依赖女性所生婴儿的结局进行了比较。研究人群包括150名孕妇：50名女性使用海洛因、美沙酮加可卡因，50名使用海洛因、美沙酮但不使用可卡因，50名是非药物依赖女性。在婴儿出生体重、身长、头围和阿氏评分方面，可卡因组和未使用可卡因组之间存在显著差异，可卡因组的每个变量值都较低。三组之间的平均孕周没有差异。可卡因组有1例自然流产和4例胎儿死亡；不使用可卡因的药物依赖女性有2例胎儿死亡，对照组无胎儿死亡。除呕吐和惊厥外，可卡因组19项生理和行为参数的平均戒断评分低于不使用可卡因的药物依赖女性。这些数据表明：(1)药物依赖女性所生婴儿的总体结局比非药物依赖女性所生婴儿差；(2)母亲使用可卡因似乎不会增加严重新生儿戒断症状的发生率；(3)并发可卡因滥用的妊娠因自然流产和胎儿死亡导致胎儿丢失的可能性更大；(4)滥用可卡因女性所生婴儿的出生体重、头围、身长和阿氏评分降低。
