波多黎各间性认同个体的生活质量和心理社会幸福感：一项探索性研究。
Quality of Life and Psychosocial Well-Being among Intersex-Identifying Individuals in Puerto Rico: An Exploratory Study.
机构信息
Ponce Campus, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA.
Río Piedras Campus, Department of Psychology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 7;20(4):2899. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042899.
PURPOSE
Intersex is an umbrella term used to describe the diversity or differences in the characteristics of physical sexual development. Approximately 1.7% of the population are born intersex, and 1 in every 2000 babies at birth presents genital variation. Unfortunately, there is a lack of research on the health of intersex-identifying persons in Latin America. This study aimed to document experiences of discrimination and violence among self-identifying intersex individuals in Puerto Rico and to determine if there is a significant difference in the quality of life, psychological well-being, and social well-being between intersex-identifying and endosex individuals.
METHODS
This was a quantitative method pilot study with a cross-sectional approach and exploratory comparative group design. An online survey was used, where a total of 12 self-identifying intersex adult participants were recruited, and 126 endosex adult participants served as a comparative group.
RESULTS
The findings show that 83% of the participants reported experiences of discrimination and different types of violence due to their intersexuality. There was a significant difference between the intersex-identifying and endosex groups in psychological well-being, including in three of its dimensions (positives relations, autonomy, and environmental mastery). However, there were no significant differences between the groups in quality of life or social well-being.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study provide a preliminary understanding of the health disparities of intersex-identifying individuals in Puerto Rico and suggest the need for more profound research, especially the inclusion of other Caribbean and Hispanic countries. The findings also preliminarily imply the need for local and global interventions to reduce physical and mental health disparities and to improve health, quality of life, and well-being among intersex-identifying individuals.
目的
性发育障碍是一个用来描述身体性发育特征多样性或差异的总称。大约有 1.7%的人口出生时患有性发育障碍，每 2000 名婴儿中就有 1 名出生时存在生殖器变异。不幸的是，拉丁美洲对性发育障碍患者的健康状况缺乏研究。本研究旨在记录波多黎各自我认同的性发育障碍者经历的歧视和暴力，并确定性发育障碍者和内生殖器者的生活质量、心理健康和社会幸福感是否存在显著差异。
方法
这是一项采用横断面法和探索性比较组设计的定量方法初步研究。使用在线调查，共招募了 12 名自我认同的性发育障碍成年参与者，126 名内生殖器成年参与者作为对照组。
结果
研究结果显示，83%的参与者报告因自己的性发育障碍而经历过歧视和不同类型的暴力。性发育障碍者和内生殖器者在心理健康方面存在显著差异，包括三个维度（积极关系、自主和环境掌控）。然而，两组在生活质量或社会幸福感方面没有显著差异。
结论
本研究结果初步了解了波多黎各自我认同的性发育障碍者的健康差异，并表明需要进行更深入的研究，特别是包括其他加勒比和西班牙裔国家。研究结果还初步表明，需要在当地和全球采取干预措施，以减少身体和心理健康方面的差异，改善性发育障碍者的健康、生活质量和幸福感。
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