Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico.
Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health-CONACyT, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 9;20(4):3048. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043048.
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of health needs and use of outpatient services for indigenous (IP) and non-indigenous (NIP) populations aged ≥15 years, and to explore the associated factors and types of need. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey. The population aged ≥15 years who had health needs and used outpatient services was identified. Logistic models were developed to explore the factors underlying the use of outpatient services. For both populations, being a woman increased the likelihood of using health services, and having health insurance was the most important variable in explaining the use of public health services. Compared to the NIP, a lower proportion of IP reported health needs during the month prior to the survey (12.8% vs. 14.7%); a higher proportion refrained from using outpatient services (19.6% vs. 12.6%); and a slightly higher proportion used public health services (56% vs. 55.4%). For the NIP, older age and belonging to a household that had received cash transfers from a social program, had few members, a high socioeconomic level, and a head with no educational lag, all increased the likelihood of using public health services. It is crucial to implement strategies that both increase the use of public health services by the IP and incorporate health-insurance coverage as a universal right.
本研究旨在估计≥15 岁的原住民（IP）和非原住民（NIP）人群的健康需求患病率和门诊服务利用情况，并探讨相关因素和需求类型。本研究基于 2018-19 年全国健康和营养调查进行了一项横断面研究。确定了有健康需求和使用门诊服务的≥15 岁人群。建立了逻辑模型来探讨门诊服务利用的相关因素。对于这两个群体，女性使用卫生服务的可能性增加，而拥有健康保险是解释公共卫生服务利用的最重要变量。与 NIP 相比，IP 在调查前一个月报告健康需求的比例较低（12.8%对 14.7%）；更多的人避免使用门诊服务（19.6%对 12.6%）；使用公共卫生服务的比例略高（56%对 55.4%）。对于 NIP，年龄较大、属于从社会计划中获得现金转移的家庭、家庭成员较少、社会经济水平较高、无教育滞后的户主，都增加了使用公共卫生服务的可能性。实施既能增加 IP 使用公共卫生服务的策略，又能将医疗保险覆盖作为一项普遍权利的策略至关重要。
