Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
Centre for Intelligent Musculoskeletal Health (CIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 4;24(4):3113. doi: 10.3390/ijms24043113.
Human organoids are small, self-organized, three-dimensional (3D) tissue cultures that have started to revolutionize medical science in terms of understanding disease, testing pharmacologically active compounds, and offering novel ways to treat disease. Organoids of the liver, kidney, intestine, lung, and brain have been developed in recent years. Human brain organoids are used for understanding pathogenesis and investigating therapeutic options for neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurological disorders. Theoretically, several brain disorders can be modeled with the aid of human brain organoids, and hence the potential exists for understanding migraine pathogenesis and its treatment with the aid of brain organoids. Migraine is considered a brain disorder with neurological and non-neurological abnormalities and symptoms. Both genetic and environmental factors play essential roles in migraine pathogenesis and its clinical manifestations. Several types of migraines are classified, for example, migraines with and without aura, and human brain organoids can be developed from patients with these types of migraines to study genetic factors (e.g., channelopathy in calcium channels) and environmental stressors (e.g., chemical and mechanical). In these models, drug candidates for therapeutic purposes can also be tested. Here, the potential and limitations of human brain organoids for studying migraine pathogenesis and its treatment are communicated to generate motivation and stimulate curiosity for further research. This must, however, be considered alongside the complexity of the concept of brain organoids and the neuroethical aspects of the topic. Interested researchers are invited to join the network for protocol development and testing the hypothesis presented here.
人类器官类器官是小型的、自我组织的三维 (3D) 组织培养物，近年来已经开始在理解疾病、测试药理活性化合物以及提供治疗疾病的新方法方面彻底改变医学科学。已经开发出了肝脏、肾脏、肠道、肺和大脑的器官类器官。人类大脑类器官用于理解发病机制并研究神经发育、神经精神、神经退行性和神经疾病的治疗选择。理论上，几种脑部疾病可以借助人类大脑类器官进行建模，因此，借助大脑类器官来理解偏头痛发病机制及其治疗存在潜力。偏头痛被认为是一种具有神经和非神经异常和症状的脑部疾病。遗传和环境因素都在偏头痛的发病机制及其临床表现中起着重要作用。偏头痛分为几种类型，例如有和无先兆偏头痛，并且可以从患有这些类型偏头痛的患者中开发出人类大脑类器官来研究遗传因素（例如钙通道中的通道病）和环境压力源（例如化学和机械压力源）。在这些模型中，还可以测试用于治疗目的的药物候选物。在这里，传达了人类大脑类器官用于研究偏头痛发病机制及其治疗的潜力和局限性，以激发进一步研究的动力和好奇心。然而，必须考虑到大脑类器官概念的复杂性和该主题的神经伦理学方面。有兴趣的研究人员被邀请加入协议制定网络，并测试此处提出的假设。
