Boron Pawel, Chelmecki Jaroslaw, Dulinska Joanna Maria, Jurkowska Nadzieja, Ratajewicz Bartlomiej, Stecz Piotr, Tatara Tadeusz
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.
Polteron Engineering Co., Ltd., 30-709 Cracow, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Feb 9;16(4):1471. doi: 10.3390/ma16041471.
In this article, the possibility and the pertinence of using 3D printed polymeric materials for models in modal tests on shaking tables were recognized. Four stages of the research have been linked: The material properties investigation, the field experiment on the modal properties of the reinforced concrete chimney (a prototype), the shaking table tests on the modal properties of the 3D printed polymer model of the chimney, scaled according to the similarity criteria, and the numerical calculations of the FE model of the 3D printed mockup. First, the investigation of the properties of 3D printed polymer materials revealed that the direction of lamination had no significant effect on the modulus of elasticity of the material. This is a great benefit, especially when printing models of tall structures, such as chimneys, which for technical reasons could only be printed in a spiral manner with the horizontal direction of lamination. The investigation also proved that the yield strength depended on the direction of the lamination of the specimens. Next, the natural frequencies of the chimney, assessed through the field experiment and the shaking table tests were compared and showed good compatibility. This is a substantial argument demonstrating the pertinence of using 3D printed polymer materials to create models for shaking table tests. Finally, the finite element model of the 3D printed polymer mockup was completed. Modal properties obtained numerically and obtained from the shaking table test also indicated good agreement. The presented study may be supportive in answering the question of whether traditional models (made of the same material as prototypes) used in shaking table tests are still the best solution, or whether innovative 3D printed polymer models can be a better choice, in regard to the assessment of the modal properties and the dynamic performance of structures.
在本文中，认识到了在振动台上进行模态试验时使用3D打印聚合物材料制作模型的可能性和相关性。研究分为四个阶段：材料性能研究、钢筋混凝土烟囱（原型）模态性能的现场试验、根据相似准则缩放的烟囱3D打印聚合物模型在振动台上的模态性能试验以及3D打印模型有限元模型的数值计算。首先，对3D打印聚合物材料性能的研究表明，层压方向对材料的弹性模量没有显著影响。这是一个很大的优势，特别是在打印高大结构（如烟囱）的模型时，由于技术原因，这些模型只能以螺旋方式打印，层压方向为水平方向。研究还证明，屈服强度取决于试样的层压方向。其次，通过现场试验和振动台试验评估的烟囱固有频率进行了比较，结果显示出良好的一致性。这有力地证明了使用3D打印聚合物材料制作振动台试验模型的相关性。最后，完成了3D打印聚合物模型的有限元模型。数值计算得到的模态性能与振动台试验得到的模态性能也显示出良好的一致性。就结构的模态性能和动态性能评估而言，本研究可能有助于回答振动台试验中使用的传统模型（与原型材料相同）是否仍然是最佳解决方案，或者创新的3D打印聚合物模型是否可以成为更好选择的问题。
