ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal.
Life Quality Research Center, 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Feb 15;59(2):371. doi: 10.3390/medicina59020371.
: This study aimed to examine the effects of a low-cost multicomponent exercise program on health-related functional fitness in the community-dwelling aged and older adults. As a second objective, this study compared the exercise program between aged adults (<65 years) and those considered elderly (≥65 years). : Forty-eight participants were included in the exercise program, and their mean age was 64.73 years (±5.93 years). The Senior Fitness Tests were performed by each participant. A dynamometer was used to assess hand grip strength, and body composition was assessed considering the body mass index. Paired-sample t test was used to compare data at baseline and after the exercise program, considering the total sample. Afterwards, a 2 × 2 analysis of variance was used to examine differences within and between groups. Statistically significant improvements in the chair stand (t = -14.06; < 0.001; d = 0.42), arm curl (t = -12.10; < 0.001; d = 0.58), 2 min step test (t = -9.41; < 0.001; d = 0.24), timed up and go test (t = 5.60; < 0.001; d = 0.19), and hand grip strength (t = -3.33; < 0.001; d = 0.15) were observed. There were also significant differences in the back scratch (t = -6.68; < 0.001; d = 0.18) and chair sit and reach test (t = 5.04; < 0.001; d = 0.05), as well as body mass index ( < 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups ( > 0.05). : This study provides evidence that a 24-week low-cost community-based exercise program can improve functional fitness in aged and in older adults. The exercise program supplied the necessary data to construct further randomized controlled trials that can be performed in the community in an environmentally sustainable fashion and applied, not only to the elderly, but also to those transitioning to this age group.
: 本研究旨在探讨一项低成本多成分运动方案对社区居住的老年和老年人健康相关功能性体能的影响。作为第二个目标，本研究比较了年龄在 65 岁以下的成年人（<65 岁）和被认为是老年人（≥65 岁）之间的运动方案。 : 48 名参与者参加了运动方案，他们的平均年龄为 64.73 岁（±5.93 岁）。每位参与者都进行了老年人综合体能测试。使用测力计评估握力，使用身体质量指数评估身体成分。采用配对样本 t 检验比较了运动方案前后的总样本数据。之后，采用 2×2 方差分析检验组内和组间的差异。 ： 数据显示，椅子站立测试（t = -14.06； < 0.001；d = 0.42）、手臂卷曲测试（t = -12.10； < 0.001；d = 0.58）、2 分钟踏步测试（t = -9.41； < 0.001；d = 0.24）、计时起立行走测试（t = 5.60； < 0.001；d = 0.19）和握力测试（t = -3.33； < 0.001；d = 0.15）均有统计学显著改善。背部抓挠测试（t = -6.68； < 0.001；d = 0.18）和椅子坐和伸手测试（t = 5.04； < 0.001；d = 0.05）以及身体质量指数（ < 0.05）也有显著差异。组间无统计学差异（ > 0.05）。 : 本研究提供了证据表明，24 周的低成本社区为基础的运动方案可以改善老年和老年人的功能性体能。该运动方案提供了必要的数据，用于构建进一步的随机对照试验，可以以环境可持续的方式在社区中进行，并不仅适用于老年人，也适用于过渡到这一年龄组的人。
