Institute of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Molecules. 2023 Feb 7;28(4):1614. doi: 10.3390/molecules28041614.
The excessive use of ammonium fertilizer and its associated leakage threatens aquatic environments around the world. With a focus on the treatment of drinking water, the scope of this study was to evaluate and model the breakthrough curves for NH in zeolite-filled, fixed-bed columns. Breakthrough experiments were performed in single- and multi-sorbate systems with the initial K and NH concentrations set to 0.7 mmol/L. Breakthrough curves were successfully modeled by applying the linear driving force (LDF) and Thomas models. Batch experiments revealed that a good description of NH sorption was provided by the Freundlich sorption model (R = 0.99), while unfavorable sorption was determined for K (n = 2.19). Intraparticle diffusion was identified as the rate limiting step for NH and K during breakthrough. Compared to ultrapure water, the use of tap, river, and groundwater matrices decreased the treated bed volumes by between 25% and 69%-as measured at a NH breakthrough level of 50%. The concentrations of K and of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were identified as the main parameters that determine NH sorption in zeolite-filled, fixed-bed columns. Based on our results, the LDF and Thomas models are promising tools to predict the breakthrough curves of NH in zeolite-filled, fixed-bed columns.
铵肥的过度使用及其相关泄漏威胁着世界各地的水生环境。本研究专注于饮用水处理，旨在评估和模拟沸石填充固定床柱中 NH 的穿透曲线。在初始 K 和 NH 浓度分别设定为 0.7mmol/L 的单和多吸附质体系中进行了穿透实验。通过应用线性驱动力（LDF）和托马斯模型成功地对穿透曲线进行了建模。批量实验表明，Freundlich 吸附模型（R = 0.99）能够很好地描述 NH 的吸附，而 K 的吸附则不利（n = 2.19）。内扩散被确定为 NH 和 K 在穿透过程中的限速步骤。与超纯水相比，在 NH 穿透水平达到 50%时，使用自来水、河水和地下水基质会使处理床体积减少 25%至 69%。K 和溶解有机碳（DOC）的浓度被确定为决定沸石填充固定床柱中 NH 吸附的主要参数。根据我们的结果，LDF 和托马斯模型是预测沸石填充固定床柱中 NH 穿透曲线的有前途的工具。
