Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China.
Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China.
Molecules. 2023 Feb 15;28(4):1813. doi: 10.3390/molecules28041813.
The pericarp of maxim (PZM) is a commonly used spice and herbal medicine in China. In the present study, the structural characteristics of PPZM were investigated by saccharide mapping after enzymatic digestion by using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE). The mechanisms of protective effects of PPZM on Aβ-induced oxidative damage were explored in PC12 cells. The results showed that PPZM contained 1,4-α-D-galactosidic, 1,4-α-D-galactosiduronic, and (1→4)-β-D-glucosidic linkages. Pretreatment with PPZM significantly increased the cell viability of Aβ-injured PC12 cells. Flow cytometry and Hoechst/PI staining indicated that PPZM gradually relieved the apoptosis of the Aβ-treated cells. PPZM markedly decreased the ROS level of PC12 cells and suppressed Aβ-induced oxidative stress by increasing the SOD level, and decreasing the level of MDA and LDH. The mRNA expressions of caspase-3 and Bax were significantly downregulated, and Bcl-2 expression was upregulated by treatment with PPZM. PPZM significantly increased the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in Aβ treated cells. The results indicated that PPZM alleviated apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by Aβ through the inhibition of mitochondrial dependent apoptosis and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. PPZM can be used as a potential protective agent against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity.
最大果皮 (PZM) 是中国常用的香料和草药。本研究采用高效薄层色谱法 (HPTLC) 进行酶解后的糖图谱分析和碳水化合物凝胶电泳 (PACE) 进行多糖分析，研究了 PPZM 的结构特征。在 PC12 细胞中探讨了 PPZM 对 Aβ 诱导的氧化损伤的保护作用机制。结果表明，PPZM 含有 1,4-α-D-半乳糖基、1,4-α-D-半乳糖醛酸基和 (1→4)-β-D-葡萄糖苷键。用 PPZM 预处理可显著提高 Aβ 损伤的 PC12 细胞的活力。流式细胞术和 Hoechst/PI 染色表明，PPZM 逐渐缓解了 Aβ 处理细胞的凋亡。PPZM 显著降低了 PC12 细胞的 ROS 水平，并通过增加 SOD 水平、降低 MDA 和 LDH 水平来抑制 Aβ 诱导的氧化应激。用 PPZM 处理可显著下调 caspase-3 和 Bax 的 mRNA 表达，并上调 Bcl-2 的表达。PPZM 显著增加了 Aβ 处理细胞中 Nrf2 和 HO-1 的 mRNA 表达。结果表明，PPZM 通过抑制线粒体依赖性凋亡和激活 Nrf2/HO-1 通路，减轻了 Aβ 诱导的细胞凋亡和氧化应激。PPZM 可作为一种潜在的抗 Aβ 诱导神经毒性的保护剂。
