Shen Fengmin, Zhu Changwei, Jiang Guiying, Yang Jin, Zhu Xuanlin, Wang Shiji, Wang Renzhuo, Liu Fang, Jie Xiaolei, Liu Shiliang
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Feb 9;12(4):783. doi: 10.3390/plants12040783.
Nitrogen is a vital element for soil fertility and crop productivity. The transformation of nitrogen is directly affected by tillage practices for the disturbing soil. The characteristics of different nitrogen forms under different tillage modes are still unclear. A 3-year cycle tillage experiment was carried out to assess the combination of rotary tillage (RT), deep tillage (DT), and shallow rotary tillage (SRT) on nitrogen transformation and distribution, wheat yield and nitrogen balance in fluvo-aquic soil from Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in China. The results showed the rotation tillage cycle with deep tillage in the first year increased the total nitrogen (TN), and the main nitrogen form content in 0-30 cm compared with continued rotary tillage (RT-RT-RT). Moreover, the nitrate (NO-N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH-N) content were improved in 20-40 cm by deep tillage practice with the highest value as 39.88 mg kg under DT-SRT-RT. The time, tillage, and depth significantly affected the different nitrogen forms, but there was no effect on dissolved organic carbon (DON) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) by the interaction of time and tillage. Moreover, compared with RT-RT-RT, the rotation tillage promoted the spike number and kernels per spike of wheat, further increasing the wheat yield and nitrogen partial productivity, and with a better effect under DT-SRT-RT. The NO-N and NH-N trended closer and positively correlated with wheat yield in 0-40 cm in 2019. The rotation tillage with deep tillage improved the different forms of nitrogen in 0-30 cm, wheat yield, and nitrogen partial productivity, and decreased the apparent nitrogen loss. It was suggested as the efficiency tillage practice to improve nitrogen use efficiency and crop yield in this area.
氮是土壤肥力和作物生产力的重要元素。氮的转化直接受到扰动土壤的耕作方式的影响。不同耕作模式下不同氮形态的特征仍不明确。在中国黄淮海平原的潮土上进行了为期3年的循环耕作试验，以评估旋耕（RT）、深耕（DT）和浅旋耕（SRT）对氮转化与分布、小麦产量及氮平衡的影响。结果表明，与连续旋耕（RT-RT-RT）相比，第一年进行深耕的轮耕循环增加了0-30 cm土层的全氮（TN）及主要氮形态含量。此外，深耕措施使20-40 cm土层的硝态氮（NO₃-N）和铵态氮（NH₄-N）含量提高，在DT-SRT-RT处理下最高达39.88 mg·kg⁻¹。时间、耕作方式和深度对不同氮形态有显著影响，但时间与耕作方式的交互作用对溶解性有机氮（DON）和土壤微生物生物量氮（SMBN）没有影响。此外，与RT-RT-RT相比，轮耕促进了小麦的穗数和每穗粒数，进一步提高了小麦产量和氮偏生产力，DT-SRT-RT处理效果更佳。2019年，0-40 cm土层的NO₃-N和NH₄-N含量变化趋势相近且与小麦产量呈正相关。深耕轮耕改善了0-30 cm土层不同形态氮含量、小麦产量和氮偏生产力，降低了表观氮损失。建议将其作为提高该地区氮素利用效率和作物产量的高效耕作措施。
