Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070, Frick, Switzerland.
Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 10;10(1):4403. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61320-8.
Demands upon the sustainability of farming are increasing in step with climate change and diversity loss. Organic farming offers a viable approach. To further improve organic management, three strategies with potential to enhance soil quality are being tested in a long-term trial since 2002 on a clay loam in temperate Switzerland: reduced tillage vs. ploughing, solid vs. liquid manures and biodynamic preparations. A synthesis of 15 years reveals an increase in topsoil organic carbon (SOC, +25%), microbial biomass (+32%) and activity (+34%) and a shift in microbial communities with conversion from ploughing to reduced tillage. Soils under reduced tillage are more stratified in SOC and nutrients. Additional application of composted manure has increased SOC by 6% compared to pure slurry application, with little impact on soil microbes. Biodynamic preparations have had a minor impact on soil quality. Fertilisation and biodynamic preparations did not affect yields. Both higher and lower yields were harvested in the reduced tillage system in relation to ploughing. The main yield determinants were N supply and higher weed infestation under reduced tillage. Continuously reduced tillage in organic farming has been proven to enhance soil quality at this site, while also presenting more challenges in management.
随着气候变化和生物多样性丧失，对农业可持续性的要求也在不断提高。有机农业提供了一种可行的方法。为了进一步改善有机管理，自 2002 年以来，在瑞士温带地区的粘性壤土上，三种具有提高土壤质量潜力的策略一直在进行长期试验：减少耕作与耕翻、固体与液体肥料以及生物动力学制剂。15 年的综合研究表明，表层土壤有机碳（SOC，增加 25%）、微生物生物量（增加 32%）和活性（增加 34%）增加，并且由于从耕翻转为减少耕作，微生物群落发生了转变。减少耕作下的土壤在 SOC 和养分方面更加分层。与纯浆肥相比，堆肥的额外施用使 SOC 增加了 6%，对土壤微生物的影响很小。生物动力学制剂对土壤质量的影响较小。施肥和生物动力学制剂对产量没有影响。与耕翻相比，在减少耕作系统中收获了更高和更低的产量。主要的产量决定因素是氮供应和减少耕作下更高的杂草滋生。在这个地点，有机农业中连续减少耕作已被证明可以提高土壤质量，但在管理方面也带来了更多挑战。
