Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Alicante, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Am J Hum Biol. 2023 Jul;35(7):e23884. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23884. Epub 2023 Feb 24.
The main objective of this study is to understand how diet affects performance and cardiovascular health in a group of women participating in a demanding aerobic race such as marathon, compared to men.
Fifteen women participating in the Barcelona Marathon-2016 were recruited to participate in the study. A group of men (n = 15) that performed the same marathon race was selected. Anthropometric parameters and diet records were collected before the race. Circulating parameters were analyzed 24 h-pre-race, immediately after the race and 48 h-post-race. These included certain minerals, lipid profile, muscle damage, inflammatory and cardiovascular health markers.
Diets were very similar in the men and women, with inadequate amounts of carbohydrates and proteins for endurance events. Creatine kinase (CK; a muscle damage marker) and C-reactive protein (CRP; a marker of inflammation) remained elevated 48 h post-race in all participants, but was significant in women (641 vs. 143 U/L for CK and 5.8 vs. 0.7 mg/dL for CRP). Cardiac markers (high sensitivity troponin T (Hs-TnT), suppression of tumorigenicity and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide) increased post-race and returned to pre-race values after 48 h in men and women. In particular, Hs-TnT (marker of myocyte stress) increased from 2.2 to 62.5 ng/L post-race in women and from 3.1 to 52.9 ng/L in men. Finally, circulating lipid parameters were at borderline unhealthy levels in both sexes.
Structural and functional cardiac advantages that women display compared to men in aerobic efforts are not manifested when diet is not adequately designed.
本研究的主要目的是了解在参加马拉松等高强度有氧运动的女性与男性相比，饮食如何影响表现和心血管健康。
招募了 15 名参加 2016 年巴塞罗那马拉松的女性参加研究。选择了一组（n=15）进行相同马拉松比赛的男性。在比赛前收集了人体测量参数和饮食记录。在比赛前 24 小时、比赛后立即和 48 小时分析循环参数。这些参数包括某些矿物质、血脂谱、肌肉损伤、炎症和心血管健康标志物。
男性和女性的饮食非常相似，对于耐力运动来说，碳水化合物和蛋白质的摄入量不足。肌酸激酶（CK；肌肉损伤标志物）和 C 反应蛋白（CRP；炎症标志物）在所有参与者中 48 小时后仍升高，但在女性中更为显著（CK 为 641 比 143 U/L，CRP 为 5.8 比 0.7 mg/dL）。心脏标志物（高敏肌钙蛋白 T（hs-TnT）、肿瘤抑制和 N 端脑利钠肽前体）在比赛后升高，并在男女 48 小时后恢复到比赛前水平。特别是，hs-TnT（心肌应激标志物）在女性中从 2.2 增加到 62.5 ng/L，在男性中从 3.1 增加到 52.9 ng/L。最后，男女两性的循环脂质参数均处于边缘不健康水平。
在有氧运动中，与男性相比，女性表现出的结构性和功能性心脏优势在饮食设计不合理时并不明显。
