Reconstructing the Anode Interface and Solvation Shell for Reversible Zinc Anodes.

The attractive advantages of the Zn metal anode and water-based electrolyte, such as inherent safety and low cost, endow the zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) with great potential in the future energy storage market. However, the severe surface side reactions and dendrites affect the service lifespan and electrochemical performance of ZIBs. Herein, a bifunctional electrolyte additive, l-ascorbic acid sodium (LAA), has been added into ZnSO (ZSO) electrolyte (ZSO + LAA) to settle the above issues of ZIBs. On the one hand, the LAA additive tends to adsorb on the Zn anode surface to generate a HO-resistive passivation layer, which can effectively isolate the HO corrosion and regulate the Zn ion 3D diffusion, thus inducing a uniform deposition layer. On the other hand, the strong adsorption capacity between LAA and Zn can transform the solvated [Zn(HO)] into [Zn(HO)LAA], thus reducing the coordinated HO molecules and further suppressing side reactions. With this synergy effect, the Zn/Zn symmetric battery with the ZSO + LAA electrolyte can deliver a cycle life of 1200 h under 1 mA cm, and the Zn/Ti battery also presents an ultrahigh Coulombic efficiency of 99.16% under 1 mA cm, greatly superior to the batteries with the ZSO electrolyte. Additionally, the effectiveness of the LAA additive can be further verified in the Zn/MnO full battery and pouch cell.