Mudau Fulufhelo Hope, Hassard Francis, Motsa Machawe Mxolisi, De Kock Lueta-Ann
Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa.
Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, College Way, Bedfordshire, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Feb 8;15(4):843. doi: 10.3390/polym15040843.
Here, multifunctional heterogeneous ion-exchange metal nanocomposite membranes were prepared for surface water desalination and bacterial inactivation under low-pressure (0.05 MPa) filtration conditions. Ultrafiltration (UF) heterogeneous ion exchange membranes (IEMs) were modified with different concentrations of AgNO and CuSO solutions using the intermatrix synthesis (IMS) technique to produce metal nanocomposite membranes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the metal nanoparticles (MNPs) (Ag and Cu) were uniformly distributed on the surface and the interior of the nanocomposite membranes. With increasing metal precursor solution concentration (0.01 to 0.05 mol·L), the metal content of Ag and Cu nanocomposite membranes increased from 0.020 to 0.084 mg·cm and from 0.031 to 0.218 m·cm respectively. Results showed that the hydrodynamic diameter diameters of Ag and Cu nanoparticles (NPs) increased from 62.42 to 121.10 nm and from 54.2 to 125.7 nm respectively, as the metal precursor concentration loaded increased. The leaching of metals from metal nanocomposite membranes was measured in a dead-end filtration system, and the highest leaching concentration levels were 8.72 ppb and 5.32 ppb for Ag and Cu, respectively. The salt rejection studies indicated that ionic selectivity was improved with increasing metal content. Bacterial filtration showed higher antibacterial activity for metal nanocomposite membranes, reaching 3.6 log bacterial inactivation.
在此，制备了多功能异质离子交换金属纳米复合膜，用于在低压（0.05 MPa）过滤条件下进行地表水脱盐和细菌灭活。采用基质间合成（IMS）技术，用不同浓度的AgNO₃和CuSO₄溶液对超滤（UF）异质离子交换膜（IEMs）进行改性，以制备金属纳米复合膜。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像显示，金属纳米颗粒（MNPs）（Ag和Cu）均匀分布在纳米复合膜的表面和内部。随着金属前驱体溶液浓度（0.01至0.05 mol·L⁻¹）的增加，Ag和Cu纳米复合膜的金属含量分别从0.020增加到0.084 mg·cm⁻²和从0.031增加到0.218 mg·cm⁻²。结果表明，随着负载的金属前驱体浓度增加，Ag和Cu纳米颗粒（NPs）的流体动力学直径分别从62.42增加到121.10 nm和从54.2增加到125.7 nm。在死端过滤系统中测量了金属从金属纳米复合膜中的浸出情况，Ag和Cu的最高浸出浓度水平分别为8.72 ppb和5.32 ppb。脱盐研究表明，随着金属含量的增加，离子选择性得到改善。细菌过滤显示金属纳米复合膜具有更高的抗菌活性，细菌灭活率达到3.6 log。
