Balkanska Ralitsa, Shumkova Rositsa, Atsenova Nedyalka, Salkova Delka, Dundarova Heliana, Radoslavov Georgi, Hristov Peter
Department "Special Branches", Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Academy, 2230 Kostinbrod, Bulgaria.
Research Centre of Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Agricultural Academy, 4700 Smolyan, Bulgaria.
Vet Sci. 2023 Feb 10;10(2):140. doi: 10.3390/vetsci10020140.
Among many pathogens and pests, honey bee viruses are known as one of the most common cause of diseases in honey bee colonies. In this study, we demonstrate that pollen grains and bee bread are potential sources of viral DNA. We extracted DNA from 3 types of pollen samples: directly provided by beekeepers ( = 12), purchased from trade markets ( = 5), and obtained from honeycombs (bee bread, = 10). The extracted DNA was used for molecular detection (RT-PCR analysis) of six of the most widely distributed honey bee viruses: deformed wing virus, sacbrood virus, acute bee paralysis virus, black queen cell virus, Kashmir bee virus, Israeli acute paralysis virus, and chronic bee paralysis virus. We successfully managed to establish only the deformed wing virus (DWV) and the sacbrood virus (SBV), with different distribution frequencies depending on the territory of the country. The phylogenetic analyses of Bulgarian isolates were performed with the most similar sequences available in molecular databases from other countries. Phylogenies of Bulgarian viral strains demonstrated genetically heterogeneous populations of DWV and relatively homogenous populations of SBV. In conclusion, the results obtained from the current study have shown that pollen is a valuable source for molecular detection of honey bee pathogens. This allows epidemiological monitoring of honey bee diseases at a regional and a national level.
在众多病原体和害虫中，蜜蜂病毒是已知的蜜蜂蜂群中最常见的疾病病因之一。在本研究中，我们证明花粉粒和蜂粮是病毒DNA的潜在来源。我们从3种类型的花粉样本中提取了DNA：由养蜂人直接提供的（ = 12）、从贸易市场购买的（ = 5）以及从蜂巢中获取的（蜂粮， = 10）。提取的DNA用于对六种分布最广泛的蜜蜂病毒进行分子检测（逆转录聚合酶链反应分析）：残翅病毒、囊状幼虫病毒、急性蜜蜂麻痹病毒、黑蜂王台病毒、克什米尔蜜蜂病毒、以色列急性麻痹病毒和慢性蜜蜂麻痹病毒。我们仅成功检测到了残翅病毒（DWV）和囊状幼虫病毒（SBV），其分布频率因国家地区而异。利用来自其他国家分子数据库中最相似的序列对保加利亚分离株进行了系统发育分析。保加利亚病毒株的系统发育显示，DWV群体在基因上具有异质性，而SBV群体相对同质。总之，本研究获得的结果表明，花粉是蜜蜂病原体分子检测的宝贵来源。这使得能够在区域和国家层面上对蜜蜂疾病进行流行病学监测。
