Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
The Robert Graham Center, 1133 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Apr;11(2):591-597. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01543-3. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
Black Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the USA. Black immigrants, who, by definition, have time-limited exposure to the USA, may provide insight into the relationship between exposure to the US environment, Black race, and hypertension.
This is a cross-sectional analysis of pooled National Health Interview Survey (2004-2017) data of foreign-born White European and Black adults (N = 11,516). Multivariable robust Poisson regressions assessed the relationship between self-reported hypertension and duration of the residency (< 5, 5-9, 10-14, 15 years) among Black, Black African, Black Caribbean, and White European foreign-born residents.
In multivariable analyses-controlling for age, sex, education, poverty-to-income ratio, insurance status, recent encounter with a clinician, and BMI-Black foreign-born residents (PR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.90) and Black Africans (10-14 years.: PR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.13, 2.56; 15 years.: PR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.34) with a duration of residency of at least 15 and 10 years, respectively, had a greater prevalence of hypertension than those with duration less than 5 years. A nonsignificant positive association between a duration of residency of at least 15 years (compared to less than 5 years) and self-reported hypertension was observed for White Europeans (PR 1.49, 95% CI = 0.88, 2.51) and Black Caribbeans (PR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.69, 1.72).
Duration of residency is particularly associated with hypertension among Black Africans after migration to the USA. This discrepancy may be explained by differences in primary care utilization and awareness of hypertension diagnoses among recent African immigrants, along with greater stress associated with living in the USA.
黑人是美国高血压患病率最高的人群。黑人移民定义上是在美国有时间限制的接触者，他们可能为了解美国环境、黑人种族与高血压之间的关系提供线索。
这是对 pooled National Health Interview Survey（2004-2017）中白种欧洲人和黑人成年外国出生者（N=11516）数据的横断面分析。多变量稳健泊松回归评估了自我报告的高血压与黑人、非裔美国人、加勒比黑人以及白种欧洲外国出生居民的居住时间（<5 年、5-9 年、10-14 年、15 年）之间的关系。
在多变量分析中——控制年龄、性别、教育程度、贫困收入比、保险状况、最近与临床医生的接触以及 BMI——黑人外国出生居民（PR=1.40，95%CI=1.03，1.90）和非裔美国人（10-14 年：PR=1.70，95%CI=1.13，2.56；15 年：PR=1.56，95%CI=1.04，2.34）的居住时间至少 15 年和 10 年的居民，高血压患病率高于居住时间少于 5 年的居民。对于居住时间至少 15 年（与少于 5 年相比）与自我报告的高血压之间的正相关关系，白种欧洲人（PR 1.49，95%CI=0.88，2.51）和加勒比黑人（PR=1.09，95%CI=0.69，1.72）观察到非显著。
在移居美国后，居住时间与非裔美国人的高血压特别相关。这种差异可能是由于最近非洲移民的初级保健利用率和对高血压诊断的认识不同，以及与生活在美国相关的更大压力所致。
