U.S. Agency for International Development Global Health Supply Chain Program-Procurement and Supply Management, Kigali, Rwanda.
Clinical and Public Health Governance Directorate, Ministry of Health of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
Glob Health Sci Pract. 2023 Feb 28;11(1). doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00295.
Rwanda's supply chain is decentralized, with regional warehouse pharmacies and service delivery points (SDPs) ensuring a reliable health commodities supply. However, in 2016, the Rwanda Ministry of Health (MOH) identified challenges with the supply chain workforce contributing to a high stock-out rate, inventory stock inaccuracies, and underutilization of the electronic logistics management information system (e-LMIS). We aimed to document successes and lessons learned from implementing a workforce development intervention to address these challenges.
Rwanda's MOH and the U.S. Agency for International Development Global Health Supply Chain Program-Procurement and Supply Management project implemented a workforce development intervention, the Quality Management Improvement Approach (QMIA), to improve and sustain Rwanda's service delivery and medicines availability. The QMIA monitors the performance of supply chain professionals while continuously building their capacity to run a smooth supply chain operation. The QMIA includes supervisory visits to measure key performance indicators and discussion sessions for experience-sharing and skill-building. The central level conducts both components, supporting regional warehouses that in turn assist SDPs through supervisory visits and discussion sessions.
Since 2017, the QMIA has been conducted twice a year in 596 SDPs and 30 regional warehouses and has trained 1,296 supply chain staff members. The intervention has contributed to major improvements in several key supply chain outcomes (2017 versus 2019): increased utilization of the e-LMIS (55% to 96%), higher inventory data accuracy (25% to 85%), and reduced stock-outs (10% to 1%).
The QMIA has proven to be a successful training and capacity-building platform for supply chain management in Rwanda, enhancing system utilization and availability of accurate data to guide decision-making. Notably, the approach fosters a positive behavioral change to build local solutions and improves communication.
卢旺达的供应链是分散的，区域仓库药房和服务提供点 (SDP) 确保了可靠的卫生商品供应。然而，2016 年，卢旺达卫生部 (MOH) 发现供应链劳动力存在挑战，导致高库存短缺率、库存库存不准确和电子物流管理信息系统 (e-LMIS) 利用率低。我们旨在记录实施劳动力发展干预措施以解决这些挑战的成功经验和教训。
卢旺达卫生部和美国国际开发署全球卫生供应链计划-采购和供应管理项目实施了一项劳动力发展干预措施，即质量管理改进方法 (QMIA)，以改善和维持卢旺达的服务提供和药品供应。QMIA 监测供应链专业人员的绩效，同时不断提高他们运行顺畅供应链运营的能力。QMIA 包括监督访问，以衡量关键绩效指标，并进行经验分享和技能建设的讨论环节。中央一级开展这两个组成部分，支持区域仓库，区域仓库通过监督访问和讨论环节反过来协助 SDP。
自 2017 年以来，QMIA 已在 596 个 SDP 和 30 个区域仓库中每年进行两次，并培训了 1296 名供应链工作人员。该干预措施为几个关键供应链成果的重大改进做出了贡献（2017 年与 2019 年相比）：更多地利用电子 LMIS（55%到 96%），更高的库存数据准确性（25%到 85%），减少库存短缺（10%到 1%）。
QMIA 已被证明是卢旺达供应链管理的成功培训和能力建设平台，增强了系统利用和准确数据的可用性，以指导决策。值得注意的是，该方法促进了积极的行为改变，以建立本地解决方案并改善沟通。
