Check Jerome H, Poretta Trina, Check Diane, Srivastava Maya
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, U.S.A.;
Cooper Institute for Reproductive Hormonal Disorders, P.C., Mt. Laurel, NJ, U.S.A.
Anticancer Res. 2023 Mar;43(3):951-965. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.16240.
The most recent successful advances in lung cancer therapy have directly and increasingly focused on personalized tumor genetic/epigenetic/immunologic profiling, and the identification and development of novel pharmacologic agents aimed at those mutations [e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and immunotherapy against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands] which have extended life and provided palliation for lung cancer-patients positive for these mutations. The objective of this study is to provide a review of the large number of drugs and their efficacy as of 2022, for lung cancer, but also introduce a novel treatment that has the potential, based on one controlled murine lung cancer study and 5 anecdotal human cases, that showed marked palliative and longevity benefits in very advanced lung cancer with no other treatment options, i.e., progesterone receptor (PR) antagonists targeting the immunosuppressive protein, the progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF). Credibility, however, will only be provided when the efficacy can be demonstrated in a large series of lung cancer cases ideally with certain controls. Thus, the ultimate objective of the review is to interest oncologists with a large population of lung cancer patients to perform a well powered study to corroborate or refute the limited experience to date with PR antagonist therapy.
肺癌治疗领域最近取得的成功进展越来越直接地聚焦于个性化肿瘤基因/表观遗传/免疫谱分析，以及针对那些突变（例如表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、 Kirsten 大鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源物（KRAS）、间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK））开发新型药物，还有针对程序性细胞死亡蛋白 1（PD-1）及其配体的免疫疗法，这些进展延长了肺癌患者的生命并为携带这些突变的患者提供了缓解。本研究的目的是回顾截至2022年用于肺癌治疗的大量药物及其疗效，同时基于一项对照小鼠肺癌研究和5例临床病例介绍一种新的治疗方法，该方法在无其他治疗选择的晚期肺癌中显示出显著的缓解和延长寿命的益处，即靶向免疫抑制蛋白孕酮诱导阻断因子（PIBF）的孕酮受体（PR）拮抗剂。然而，只有在大量肺癌病例（最好有一定对照）中证明其疗效，才能确立其可信度。因此，本综述的最终目的是引起大量肺癌患者群体的肿瘤学家的兴趣，开展一项有力的研究，以证实或反驳目前PR拮抗剂治疗的有限经验。
