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用富含母体甲基供体的饮食减轻早期胎儿酒精暴露的有害发育影响。

Mitigating the detrimental developmental impact of early fetal alcohol exposure using a maternal methyl donor-enriched diet.

机构信息

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.

出版信息

FASEB J. 2023 Apr;37(4):e22829. doi: 10.1096/fj.202201564R.

Abstract

Fetal alcohol exposure at any stage of pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a group of life-long conditions characterized by congenital malformations, as well as cognitive, behavioral, and emotional impairments. The teratogenic effects of alcohol have long been publicized; yet fetal alcohol exposure is one of the most common preventable causes of birth defects. Currently, alcohol abstinence during pregnancy is the best and only way to prevent FASD. However, alcohol consumption remains astoundingly prevalent among pregnant women; therefore, additional measures need to be made available to help protect the developing embryo before irreparable damage is done. Maternal nutritional interventions using methyl donors have been investigated as potential preventative measures to mitigate the adverse effects of fetal alcohol exposure. Here, we show that a single acute preimplantation (E2.5; 8-cell stage) fetal alcohol exposure (2 × 2.5 g/kg ethanol with a 2h interval) in mice leads to long-term FASD-like morphological phenotypes (e.g. growth restriction, brain malformations, skeletal delays) in late-gestation embryos (E18.5) and demonstrate that supplementing the maternal diet with a combination of four methyl donor nutrients, folic acid, choline, betaine, and vitamin B12, prior to conception and throughout gestation effectively reduces the incidence and severity of alcohol-induced morphological defects without altering DNA methylation status of imprinting control regions and regulation of associated imprinted genes. This study clearly supports that preimplantation embryos are vulnerable to the teratogenic effects of alcohol, emphasizes the dangers of maternal alcohol consumption during early gestation, and provides a potential proactive maternal nutritional intervention to minimize FASD progression, reinforcing the importance of adequate preconception and prenatal nutrition.

摘要

胎儿在妊娠的任何阶段暴露于酒精都会导致胎儿酒精谱系障碍(FASD),这是一组终身性疾病,其特征为先天畸形以及认知、行为和情感障碍。酒精的致畸作用早已广为人知;然而,胎儿酒精暴露是最常见的可预防的出生缺陷原因之一。目前,妊娠期间戒酒是预防 FASD 的最佳且唯一方法。然而,孕妇饮酒仍然惊人地普遍;因此,需要采取额外措施,在不可挽回的损害发生之前保护发育中的胚胎。使用甲基供体的母体营养干预已被研究作为减轻胎儿酒精暴露的不利影响的潜在预防措施。在这里,我们表明,单次急性胚胎植入前(E2.5;8 细胞期)胎儿酒精暴露(2×2.5 g/kg 乙醇,间隔 2 小时)会导致晚期胚胎(E18.5)出现长期的 FASD 样形态表型(例如生长受限、脑畸形、骨骼延迟),并表明在受孕前和整个妊娠期补充母体饮食中的四种甲基供体营养物(叶酸、胆碱、甜菜碱和维生素 B12)组合可有效降低酒精诱导的形态缺陷的发生率和严重程度,而不会改变印迹控制区的 DNA 甲基化状态和相关印迹基因的调控。这项研究清楚地表明,胚胎在植入前阶段易受酒精的致畸作用影响,强调了妊娠早期母体饮酒的危险,并提供了一种潜在的主动母体营养干预措施,以最大限度地减少 FASD 的进展,强调了充足的孕前和产前营养的重要性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6991/11977608/e8f8e0b30031/FSB2-37-e22829-g003.jpg

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