Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada.
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada.
Nutrients. 2021 Sep 29;13(10):3452. doi: 10.3390/nu13103452.
Alcohol is a teratogen and prenatal exposure may adversely impact the developing fetus, increasing risk for negative outcomes, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Global trends of increasing alcohol use among women of childbearing age due to economic development, changing gender roles, increased availability of alcohol, peer pressure and social acceptability of women's alcohol use may put an increasing number of pregnancies at risk for prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). This risk has been exacerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in some countries.
This literature review presents an overview on the epidemiology of alcohol use among childbearing age and pregnant women and FASD by World Health Organization regions; impact of PAE on fetal health, including FASD; associated comorbidities; and social outcomes.
RESULTS/CONCLUSION: The impact of alcohol on fetal health and social outcomes later in life is enormous, placing a huge economic burden on countries. Prevention of prenatal alcohol exposure and early identification of affected individuals should be a global public health priority.
酒精是一种致畸物，产前暴露可能会对发育中的胎儿产生不良影响，增加包括胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）在内的负面后果的风险。由于经济发展、性别角色的变化、酒精供应的增加、同伴压力以及社会对女性饮酒的接受度的提高，全球范围内育龄妇女的饮酒量呈上升趋势，这可能使越来越多的妊娠面临产前酒精暴露（PAE）的风险。一些国家持续不断的 COVID-19 大流行使这种风险进一步加剧。
本文对世卫组织各区域育龄妇女和孕妇的酒精使用情况以及 FASD 的流行情况进行了文献综述；阐述了 PAE 对胎儿健康（包括 FASD）的影响；以及相关的合并症和社会后果。
结果/结论：酒精对胎儿健康和日后的社会后果的影响是巨大的，这给各国带来了巨大的经济负担。预防产前酒精暴露和早期发现受影响的个体应成为全球公共卫生的重点。
