Jung Alesia M, Beitel Shawn C, Gutenkunst Shannon L, Billheimer Dean, Jahnke Sara A, Littau Sally R, White Mandie, Hoppe-Jones Christiane, Cherrington Nathan, Burgess Jefferey L
Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, US.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, US.
Toxicol Sci. 2023 Feb 28;192(2):223-32. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad017.
Excretion of toxicants accumulated from firefighter exposures through breastmilk represents a potential hazard. We investigated if firefighting exposures could increase the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation in excreted breastmilk. Firefighters and non-firefighters collected breastmilk samples prior to any firefighting responses (baseline) and at 2, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours after a structural fire (firefighters only). Five PBDE analytes (BDEs 15, 28, 47, 99, and 153) detected in at least 90% of samples were summed for analyses. The AhR in vitro DR CALUX® bioassay assessed the mixture of dioxin-like compounds and toxicity from breastmilk extracts. Baseline PBDEs and AhR response were compared between firefighters and non-firefighters. Separate linear mixed models assessed changes in sum of PBDEs and AhR response among firefighters over time and effect modification by interior or exterior response was assessed. Baseline PBDE concentrations and AhR responses did not differ between the 21 firefighters and 10 non-firefighters. There were no significant changes in sum of PBDEs or AhR response among firefighters over time post-fire, and no variation by interior or exterior response. Plots of sum of PBDEs and AhR response over time demonstrated individual variation but no consistent pattern. Currently, our novel study results do not support forgoing breastfeeding after a fire exposure. However, given study limitations and the potential hazard of accumulated toxicants from firefighter exposures excreted via breastfeeding, future studies should consider additional contaminants and measures of toxicity by which firefighting may impact maternal and child health.
通过母乳排出消防员接触过程中积累的有毒物质存在潜在危害。我们调查了消防工作接触是否会增加母乳中多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）的浓度以及芳烃受体（AhR）的激活情况。消防员和非消防员在任何消防响应之前（基线）以及在建筑物火灾后2、8、24、48和72小时（仅针对消防员）采集母乳样本。对至少90%的样本中检测到的五种PBDE分析物（BDEs 15、28、47、99和153）进行汇总分析。AhR体外DR CALUX®生物测定法评估了母乳提取物中二恶英类化合物的混合物及其毒性。比较了消防员和非消防员之间的基线PBDEs和AhR反应。采用单独的线性混合模型评估消防员中PBDEs总和及AhR反应随时间的变化，并评估内部或外部响应的效应修正。21名消防员和10名非消防员之间的基线PBDE浓度和AhR反应没有差异。火灾后消防员中PBDEs总和或AhR反应随时间没有显著变化，内部或外部响应也没有差异。PBDEs总和及AhR反应随时间的图显示了个体差异，但没有一致的模式。目前，我们的新研究结果不支持火灾暴露后放弃母乳喂养。然而，考虑到研究的局限性以及通过母乳喂养排出消防员接触积累的有毒物质的潜在危害，未来的研究应考虑其他污染物以及消防工作可能影响母婴健康的毒性测量方法。
