Interacoustics A/S, Audiometer Allé 1, Middelfart, DK-5500, Denmark.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2023 Feb;153(2):909. doi: 10.1121/10.0017119.
The forward pressure has been proposed as an "optimal" reflectance-based quantity for delivering stimuli to the ear during evoked otoacoustic-emission measurements and audiometry. It is motivated by and avoids detrimental stimulus-level errors near standing-wave antiresonance frequencies when levels are adjusted in situ. While enjoying widespread popularity within research, the forward pressure possesses certain undesirable properties, some of which complicate its implementation into commercial otoacoustic-emission instruments conforming to existing international standards. These properties include its inability to approximate the total sound pressure anywhere in the ear canal and its discrepancy from the sound pressure at the tympanic membrane, which depends directly on the reflectance. This paper summarizes and comments on such properties of the forward pressure. Further, based on previous published data, alternative reflectance-based quantities that do not share these properties are investigated. A complex integrated pressure, with magnitude identical to the previously proposed scalar integrated pressure, is suggested as a suitable quantity for avoiding standing-wave errors when delivering stimuli to the ear. This complex integrated pressure approximates the magnitude and phase of the sound pressure at the tympanic membrane and can immediately be implemented into standardized commercial instruments to take advantage of improved stimulus-level accuracy and reproducibility in the clinic.
前向压力已被提议作为一种“最佳”基于反射的量，用于在诱发耳声发射测量和听力测试期间向耳朵提供刺激。它的动机是避免在驻波反共振频率附近进行原位调整时出现有害的刺激水平误差。虽然在前研究中广受欢迎，但前向压力具有某些不理想的特性，其中一些特性使其难以实现符合现有国际标准的商业耳声发射仪器的实施。这些特性包括它无法在耳道中的任何位置近似总声压，以及它与鼓膜处的声压不一致，而鼓膜处的声压直接取决于反射率。本文总结并评论了前向压力的这些特性。此外，基于以前发表的数据，研究了不具有这些特性的替代基于反射的量。建议使用与先前提出的标量积分压力幅度相同的复杂积分压力作为向耳朵提供刺激时避免驻波误差的合适量。这种复杂的积分压力近似于鼓膜处声压的幅度和相位，可以立即在标准化的商业仪器中实现，以利用临床中刺激水平精度和可重复性的提高。
