Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Washington, DC, USA.
Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2023 May 1;29(3):143-148. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000950. Epub 2023 Mar 2.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health emergency and caused 1.6 million deaths in 2021. The aim of this review is to provide recent updates on advances in TB vaccine development for prevention and adjunct therapy.
Targets use indications guiding late stage TB vaccine development have been established, namely: (i) Prevention of disease (PoD), (ii) Prevention of recurrent disease (PoR), (iii) Prevention of established infection in previously uninfected patients (PoI), and (iv) Adjunctive immunotherapy. Novel approaches include vaccines designed to induce immune responses beyond established CD4+, Th1-biased T cell immunity, novel animal models for use in challenge/protection studies, and controlled human infection models to generate vaccine efficacy data.
Recent efforts at developing effective TB vaccines for prevention and adjunct treatment utilising new targets and technologies have yielded 16 candidate vaccines demonstrating proof of concept for inducing potentially protective immune responses to TB which is currently under evaluation in different stages of clinical trials.
结核病（TB）仍然是全球公共卫生紧急事件，2021 年导致 160 万人死亡。本综述的目的是提供结核病疫苗研发在预防和辅助治疗方面的最新进展。
已经确定了用于指导晚期结核病疫苗开发的目标用途适应症，即：（i）疾病预防（PoD），（ii）复发性疾病预防（PoR），（iii）预防先前未感染患者的潜伏感染（PoI），和（iv）辅助免疫治疗。新方法包括旨在诱导超出现有 CD4+、Th1 偏向性 T 细胞免疫的免疫反应的疫苗、用于挑战/保护研究的新型动物模型，以及产生疫苗疗效数据的受控人体感染模型。
最近在利用新目标和技术开发用于预防和辅助治疗的有效结核病疫苗方面的努力已经产生了 16 种候选疫苗，这些疫苗证明了对结核病产生潜在保护免疫反应的概念，目前正在不同阶段的临床试验中进行评估。
