Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA.
Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA.
Appetite. 2023 May 1;184:106510. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106510. Epub 2023 Mar 1.
Emotions that differ in valence are uniquely associated with eating. In our previous study with an online sample of adults with overweight/obesity, eating in response to depression was the type of emotional eating most closely associated with negative psychosocial correlates (Braden et al., 2018). The current study extended this research by examining associations between emotional eating types (eating in response to depression, anxiety, boredom, happiness) and psychological correlates among treatment-seeking adults. The present study was a secondary analysis of adults (N = 63; 96.8% female) with overweight/obesity and self-identified emotional eating who completed a baseline assessment for a behavioral weight loss intervention. Emotional eating in response to depression (EE-depression), anxiety/anger (EE-anxiety/anger), and boredom (EE-boredom) were assessed with the revised Emotional Eating Scale (EES-R), and positive emotional eating (EE-positive) was assessed with the positive emotions subscale of the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ). The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; depressive symptoms) were also administered. Frequencies showed the most endorsed emotional eating type was EE-depression (44.4%; n = 28). Four multiple regression analyses examined associations between emotional eating (EE-depression, EE-anxiety/anger, EE-boredom, and EE-positive) and dependent variables (EDE-Q, BES, DERS, and PHQ-9). Results showed that depression was the emotional eating type most closely related to disordered eating, binge eating, and depressive symptoms. Eating in response to anxiety was closely related to emotion regulation difficulties. Positive emotional eating was related to less depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses showed that lower levels of positive emotional eating were related to higher depressive symptoms among adults with greater emotion regulation difficulties. Researchers and clinicians may consider tailoring weight loss treatment based on unique emotions that trigger eating.
情绪的效价不同，与进食行为有着独特的关联。在我们之前的一项针对超重/肥胖成年人的在线研究中，抑郁状态下的进食行为是与负面心理社会相关因素关系最密切的情绪性进食类型（Branden 等人，2018）。本研究通过检查情绪性进食类型（抑郁、焦虑/愤怒、无聊时进食，以及愉悦时进食）与寻求治疗的成年人心理相关因素之间的关联，对该研究进行了扩展。本研究是对超重/肥胖且自我报告有情绪性进食的成年人（N=63；96.8%为女性）进行的一项行为减肥干预基线评估的二次分析。使用修订后的情绪性进食量表（EES-R）评估抑郁状态下的进食行为（EE-抑郁）、焦虑/愤怒时的进食行为（EE-焦虑/愤怒）和无聊时的进食行为（EE-无聊），使用情绪性食欲问卷（EMAQ）的积极情绪分量表评估积极情绪性进食行为（EE-积极）。还进行了饮食障碍检查问卷（EDE-Q）、暴食量表（BES）、情绪调节困难量表（DERS）和患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9；抑郁症状）的测评。频数分析显示，最常报告的情绪性进食类型是 EE-抑郁（44.4%；n=28）。四项多元回归分析考察了情绪性进食（EE-抑郁、EE-焦虑/愤怒、EE-无聊和 EE-积极）与因变量（EDE-Q、BES、DERS 和 PHQ-9）之间的关系。结果表明，抑郁是与饮食障碍、暴食和抑郁症状关系最密切的情绪性进食类型。焦虑状态下的进食与情绪调节困难密切相关。积极情绪性进食与较少的抑郁症状相关。探索性分析表明，情绪调节困难程度较高的成年人中，积极情绪性进食水平较低与抑郁症状更严重相关。研究人员和临床医生可能需要根据引发进食的独特情绪来调整减肥治疗方案。
