Freitag Kathrin, Brooke Robert, Nilsson Marie, Åhlin Jessica, Beni Valerio, Andersson Ersman Peter
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Smart Hardware, Printed, Bio- and Organic Electronics, Bredgatan 33, SE-60221 Norrköping, Sweden.
ACS Appl Opt Mater. 2023 Jan 26;1(2):578-586. doi: 10.1021/acsaom.2c00140. eCollection 2023 Feb 24.
Paper electronics is a viable alternative to traditional electronics, leading to more sustainable electronics. Many challenges still require solutions before paper electronics become mainstream. Here, we present a solution to enable the manufacturing of reflective all-printed organic electrochromic displays (OECDs) on paper substrates; devices that are usually printed on transparent substrates, for example, plastics. In order to operate on opaque paper substrates, an architecture for reversely printed OECDs (rOECDs) is developed. In this architecture, the electrochromic layer is printed as the last functional layer and can therefore be viewed from the print side. Square shaped 1 cm rOECDs are successfully screen printed on paper, with a high manufacturing yield exceeding 99%, switching times <3 s and high color contrast (Δ* > 27). Approximately 60% of the color is retained after 15 min in open-circuit mode. Compared to the conventional screen printed OECD architectures, the rOECDs recover approximately three times faster from storage in a dry environment, which is particularly important in systems where storage in low humidity atmosphere is required, for example, in many biosensing applications. Finally, a more complex rOECD with 9 individually addressable segments is successfully screen printed and demonstrated.
纸质电子产品是传统电子产品的一种可行替代方案，可实现电子产品更可持续发展。在纸质电子产品成为主流之前，仍有许多挑战需要解决。在此，我们提出一种解决方案，以实现可在纸质基板上制造反射式全印刷有机电致变色显示器（OECD）；这类设备通常印刷在透明基板上，如塑料。为了在不透明的纸质基板上工作，我们开发了一种反向印刷OECD（rOECD）的架构。在这种架构中，电致变色层作为最后一个功能层进行印刷，因此可以从印刷面进行观察。边长为1厘米的方形rOECD已成功在纸张上进行丝网印刷，制造良品率超过99%，切换时间小于3秒，且具有高色彩对比度（Δ* > 27）。在开路模式下15分钟后，仍保留约60%的颜色。与传统丝网印刷的OECD架构相比，rOECD在干燥环境中储存后的恢复速度快约三倍，这在需要在低湿度环境中储存的系统中尤为重要，例如在许多生物传感应用中。最后，一个具有9个独立可寻址段的更复杂的rOECD已成功进行丝网印刷并展示。
