Duan Maomao, Sakamoto Takanori, Enoto Teruaki, Wada Yuuki, Kamogawa Masashi, Ito Koji
Department of Physical science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
Extreme Natural Phenomena RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
Heliyon. 2023 Feb 17;9(3):e13197. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13197. eCollection 2023 Mar.
We present a catalog of 525 sprites detected over the Sea of Japan and a northeast part of the Pacific Ocean from Sagamihara between September 2016 and March 2021. We analyze the morphology of 525, estimate the location of 441, and calculate the accurate top height of 15 sprites. More than half of our samples occurred in winter, while only 11% were in summer. In terms of morphology, 52% to 60% column type sprites took place in spring, autumn, and winter, while only 15.5% in summer. Therefore, summer thunderstorms are more likely to produce sprites with complex structures like carrots. Furthermore, sprites in summer are almost all located on the main island of Japan, and their spatial distributions are significantly different from the other seasons. Finally, from the perspective of the time distribution, the number of sprites is the largest at 1:00 JST. In addition, the morphology of sprites tends to be simple (e.g., a column type) at midnight JST.
我们展示了一份在2016年9月至2021年3月期间，在日本海和太平洋东北部从相模原探测到的525个精灵闪电的目录。我们分析了525个精灵闪电的形态，估算了441个的位置，并计算了15个精灵闪电的精确顶部高度。我们的样本中超过一半发生在冬季，而夏季仅占11%。在形态方面，52%至60%的柱状精灵闪电发生在春季、秋季和冬季，而夏季仅占15.5%。因此，夏季雷暴更有可能产生像胡萝卜一样具有复杂结构的精灵闪电。此外，夏季的精灵闪电几乎都位于日本主岛上，其空间分布与其他季节有显著差异。最后，从时间分布的角度来看，精灵闪电的数量在日本标准时间1:00时最多。此外，在日本标准时间午夜时，精灵闪电的形态往往较为简单（例如柱状）。
