Department of Pediatric Urology, Michigan State University and Central Michigan University, Stone Clinic, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, Detroit 48201, MI, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2022 Dec;69(6):1149-1164. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.07.008. Epub 2022 Oct 29.
The incidence of kidney stones in children is increasing. Approximately two-thirds of pediatric cases have a predisposing cause. Children with recurrent kidney stones have an increased higher risk of developing chronic kidney. A complete metabolic workup should be performed. Ultrasound examination is the initial imaging modality recommended for all children with suspected nephrolithiasis. A general dietary recommendation includes high fluid consumption, dietary salt restriction, and increased intake of vegetables and fruits. Depending on size and location of the stone, surgical intervention may be necessary. Multidisciplinary management is key to successful treatment and prevention.
儿童肾结石的发病率正在上升。大约三分之二的儿科病例有潜在的病因。肾结石反复发作的儿童患慢性肾病的风险增加。应进行全面的代谢检查。超声检查是建议所有疑似肾结石儿童进行的初始影像学检查方法。一般的饮食建议包括多喝水、限制盐摄入、增加蔬菜和水果的摄入。根据结石的大小和位置，可能需要手术干预。多学科管理是成功治疗和预防的关键。
