Blein G, Azorin J M, Vollrath J L, Andréoli A, Tissot R
Universitaire d'Aix-Marseille, C.H.U. La Timone.
Ann Med Psychol (Paris). 1987 May;145(5):409-26.
Paranoid schizophrenics are unable to balance affirmation and negation. Using the terms of Jean Piaget, they therefore only partially achieve the "équilibrations majorantes" of level II and never those of level III. In their thinking, they have access to the "généralisations inductives" (often excessive ones), but rarely to the "généralisations constructives complétives". They do not have access to the "généralisations synthétisantes" or to the feeling that logic is necessary. They oscillate between the positivist need to measure or verify and absolute beliefs issued from magical thinking.
偏执型精神分裂症患者无法平衡肯定与否定。因此,用让·皮亚杰的术语来说,他们只部分实现了二级的“主要平衡”,而从未达到三级的平衡。在他们的思维中,他们能够进行“归纳概括”(往往过度),但很少进行“完备性建构概括”。他们无法进行“综合性概括”,也没有逻辑必要性的感觉。他们在实证主义的测量或验证需求与源自神奇思维的绝对信念之间摇摆不定。