Li Weishi, Yan Daihai, Li Li, Wen Zhuoyu, Liu Meijia, Lu Shengxin, Huang Qifei
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100085, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jun 1;875:162565. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162565. Epub 2023 Mar 6.
Dioxin degradation is considered essential for the environmentally sound management of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA). Among the many degradation techniques, thermal treatment has shown good prospects owing to its high efficiency and wide range of applications. Thermal treatment is divided into high-temperature thermal, microwave thermal, hydrothermal, and low-temperature thermal treatments. High-temperature sintering and melting not only have dioxin degradation rates higher than 95 % but also remove volatile heavy metals, although energy consumption is high. High-temperature industrial co-processing effectively solves the problem of energy consumption, but with a low fly ash (FA) mixture, and the process is limited by location. Microwave thermal treatment and hydrothermal treatment are still in the experimental stage and cannot be used for large-scale processing. The dioxin degradation rate of low-temperature thermal treatment can also be stabilized at higher than 95 %. Compared to other methods, low-temperature thermal treatment is less costly and energy consumption with no restriction on location. This review comprehensively compares the current status of the above-mentioned thermal treatment methods and their ability to dispose of MSWIFA, especially the potential for large-scale processing. Then, the respective characteristics, challenges, and application prospects of different thermal treatment methods were discussed. Finally, based on the goal of low carbon and emission reduction, three possible approaches for improvement were proposed to address the challenges of large-scale processing of low-temperature thermal treatment, namely, adding a catalyst, changing the FA fraction, or supplementing with blockers, providing a reasonable development direction for the degradation of dioxins in MSWIFA.
二噁英降解被认为是城市固体垃圾焚烧飞灰（MSWIFA）环境无害化管理的关键。在众多降解技术中，热处理因其高效性和广泛适用性展现出良好前景。热处理分为高温热、微波热、水热和低温热处理。高温烧结和熔融不仅二噁英降解率高于95%，还能去除挥发性重金属，不过能耗较高。高温工业协同处理有效解决了能耗问题，但粉煤灰（FA）混合比例较低，且该工艺受地理位置限制。微波热处理和水热处理仍处于实验阶段，无法用于大规模处理。低温热处理的二噁英降解率也能稳定在95%以上。与其他方法相比，低温热处理成本更低、能耗更低，且不受地理位置限制。本综述全面比较了上述热处理方法的现状及其处理MSWIFA的能力，尤其是大规模处理的潜力。随后，探讨了不同热处理方法各自的特点、挑战及应用前景。最后，基于低碳减排目标，针对低温热处理大规模处理面临的挑战，提出了三种可能的改进途径，即添加催化剂、改变FA比例或添加阻滞剂，为MSWIFA中二噁英的降解提供了合理的发展方向。
