Pentagonal CXY ( = 2, 3; = 1, 2; X, Y = B, N, Al, Si, P) Monolayers: Janus Ternaries Combine Omnidirectional Negative Poisson Ratios with Giant Piezoelectric Effects.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials composed of pentagon and Janus motifs usually exhibit unique mechanical and electronic properties. In this work, a class of ternary carbon-based 2D materials, CXY ( = 2, 3; = 1, 2; X, Y = B, N, Al, Si, P), are systematically studied by first-principles calculations. Six of 21 Janus penta-CXY monolayers are dynamically and thermally stable. The Janus penta-CBAl and Janus penta-SiCN exhibit auxeticity. More strikingly, Janus penta-SiCN exhibits an omnidirectional negative Poisson ratio (NPR) with values ranging from -0.13 to -0.15; in other words, it is auxetic under stretch in any direction. The calculations of piezoelectricity reveal that the out-of-plane piezoelectric strain coefficient () of Janus panta-CBAl is up to 0.63 pm/V and increases to 1 pm/V after a strain engineering. These omnidirectional NPR, giant piezoelectric coefficients endow the Janus pentagonal ternary carbon-based monolayers as potential candidates in the future nanoelectronics, especially in the electromechanical devices.