López-López Noe, Rojas Julio C, Cruz-López Leopoldo, Ulloa-García Armando, Malo Edi A
Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, Mexico.
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Carretera a Puerto Madero Km. 1.5, Centro, Tapachula, Chiapas 30580, Mexico.
J Med Entomol. 2023 May 12;60(3):432-442. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjad019.
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) (Latreille) feeds on domestic dogs worldwide. This tick species uses dog volatiles during host-seeking behavior. In this study, we identified volatile compounds from dog hairs involved in the host location of R. sanguineus s.l. The R. sanguineus s.l. females, but not males, were attracted to hair samples and Super Q extracts from Schnauzer dogs in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. A total of 54 compounds from dog hair extracts were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, including hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids. Screening the identified compounds by the single sensillum recording technique showed that isovaleric acid, hexanal, heptanal, and sucaltone (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one) significantly stimulated the olfactory receptor neurons of the basiconic, chaeticum, and trichodeum sensilla of female ticks. When synthetic compounds were evaluated alone, or in binary, tertiary, or quaternary mixtures, female ticks were only attracted to isovaleric acid and 1 tertiary mixture (hexanal, heptanal, and isovaleric acid). We conclude that isovaleric acid functions as an attractant for R. sanguineus s.l. These findings contribute to the understanding of the chemical ecology of ticks during host location.
全沟硬蜱（Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato，拉特雷尔命名）在全球范围内以家犬为食。这种蜱虫在寻找宿主的行为中会利用犬类的挥发性物质。在本研究中，我们鉴定了与全沟硬蜱寻找宿主相关的犬毛挥发性化合物。在Y型管嗅觉测定生物测定中，全沟硬蜱的雌蜱而非雄蜱被雪纳瑞犬的毛发样本和超级Q提取物所吸引。通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用技术共鉴定出54种来自犬毛提取物的化合物，包括烃类、醛类、醇类、酮类和羧酸类。采用单感器记录技术对鉴定出的化合物进行筛选表明，异戊酸、己醛、庚醛和苏合香酮（6 - 甲基 - 5 - 庚烯 - 2 - 酮）显著刺激了雌蜱的锥形、无序形和毛形感器的嗅觉受体神经元。当单独评估合成化合物或二元、三元或四元混合物时，雌蜱仅被异戊酸和一种三元混合物（己醛、庚醛和异戊酸）所吸引。我们得出结论，异戊酸对全沟硬蜱起着引诱剂的作用。这些发现有助于理解蜱虫在寻找宿主过程中的化学生态学。
