Hypothenar hammer syndrome: outcomes after ulnar artery reconstruction with autologous vein graft.

The most common surgical procedure for the treatment of hypothenar hammer syndrome (HHS) is resection of the pathological segment followed by arterial reconstruction using a venous bypass. Bypass thrombosis occurs in 30% of cases, with various clinical consequences, ranging from no symptoms to reappearance of the preoperative clinical symptoms. We reviewed 19 patients with HHS who underwent bypass graft, to assess clinical outcomes and graft patency, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Objective and subjective clinical evaluation and ultrasound exploration of the bypass were carried out. Clinical results were compared according to bypass patency. At a mean follow-up of 7 years, 47% of patients had complete resolution of symptoms; symptoms were improved in 42% of cases, and unchanged in 11%. Mean QuickDASH and CISS scores were 20.45/100 and 28/100, respectively. Bypass patency rate was 63%. Patients with patent bypass had shorter follow-up (5.7 vs 10.4 years; p = 0.037) and a better CISS score (20.3 vs 40.6; p = 0.038). There were no significant differences between groups for age (48.6 and 46.7 years; p = 0.899), bypass length (6.1 and 9.9 cm; p = 0.081) or QuickDASH score (12.1 and 34.7; p = 0.084). Arterial reconstruction gave good clinical results, with the best results in case of patent bypass. Level of evidence: IV.