Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-10099, Germany.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Mar 14;120(11):e2206163120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2206163120. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
How collectives remain coordinated as they grow in size is a fundamental challenge affecting systems ranging from biofilms to governments. This challenge is particularly apparent in multicellular organisms, where coordination among a vast number of cells is vital for coherent animal behavior. However, the earliest multicellular organisms were decentralized, with indeterminate sizes and morphologies, as exemplified by , arguably the earliest-diverged and simplest motile animal. We investigated coordination among cells in by observing the degree of collective order in locomotion across animals of differing sizes and found that larger individuals exhibit increasingly disordered locomotion. We reproduced this effect of size on order through a simulation model of active elastic cellular sheets and demonstrate that this relationship is best recapitulated across all body sizes when the simulation parameters are tuned to a critical point in the parameter space. We quantify the trade-off between increasing size and coordination in a multicellular animal with a decentralized anatomy that shows evidence of criticality and hypothesize as to the implications of this on the evolution hierarchical structures such as nervous systems in larger organisms.
作为一个专业的翻译，我会按照你的要求，将这段英文翻译为简体中文，不会添加多余的信息。
集体如何在规模增大的情况下保持协调是一个基本的挑战，影响范围从生物膜到政府。这个挑战在多细胞生物中尤为明显，因为大量细胞之间的协调对于动物行为的一致性至关重要。然而，最早的多细胞生物是去中心化的，大小和形态不确定，例如，被认为是最早分化和最简单的游动动物。我们通过观察不同大小动物的运动中集体有序程度来研究 中的细胞协调，并发现较大的个体表现出越来越无序的运动。我们通过活性弹性细胞片的模拟模型再现了这种大小对有序性的影响，并证明当模拟参数调整到参数空间中的临界点时，这种关系在所有体型上都得到了最好的再现。我们用一个具有去中心化解剖结构的多细胞动物来量化增加的大小和协调性之间的权衡，并假设这对更大生物体中的神经系统等分层结构的进化有何影响。
