Department of Cognitive Science, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GC, UK.
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GC, UK.
Neuron. 2023 May 3;111(9):1504-1516.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.014. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
Human understanding of the world can change rapidly when new information comes to light, such as when a plot twist occurs in a work of fiction. This flexible "knowledge assembly" requires few-shot reorganization of neural codes for relations among objects and events. However, existing computational theories are largely silent about how this could occur. Here, participants learned a transitive ordering among novel objects within two distinct contexts before exposure to new knowledge that revealed how they were linked. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals in dorsal frontoparietal cortical areas revealed that objects were rapidly and dramatically rearranged on the neural manifold after minimal exposure to linking information. We then adapt online stochastic gradient descent to permit similar rapid knowledge assembly in a neural network model.
当新信息出现时，例如在虚构作品中出现情节转折时，人类对世界的理解会迅速改变。这种灵活的“知识组合”需要对物体和事件之间的关系进行少量的神经编码重新组织。然而，现有的计算理论在很大程度上没有说明这是如何发生的。在这里，参与者在接触到新的知识之前，在两个不同的情境中学习了新颖物体之间的传递关系，这些知识揭示了它们是如何联系在一起的。背侧额顶皮质区域的血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号显示，在接触到关联信息后，物体在神经流形上迅速而显著地重新排列。然后，我们采用在线随机梯度下降来允许神经网络模型中类似的快速知识组合。
